1. An Introduction to Machines: Student Learning Goal
The student will be able to identify and describe applications of various types of simple machines (C3.1).

2. An Introduction to Machines
SPH4C 2

3. Machines A machine is a device that helps us perform tasks.
e.g. a machine to trap a mouse

4. 5 Main Functions It may: transform energy (e.g. an electric motor)
A motor transforms electrical energy to mechanical energy

5. 5 Main Functions It may: transform energy (e.g. an electric motor)
transfer forces (e.g. a car engine)
The force on the piston of each cylinder is transferred into the forward motion of the vehicle.

6. 5 Main Functions It may: transform energy (e.g. an electric motor)
transfer forces (e.g. a car engine)
change the direction of a force (e.g. a pulley)

7. 5 Main Functions It may: transform energy (e.g. an electric motor)
transfer forces (e.g. a car engine)
change the direction of a force (e.g. a pulley)
change the magnitude of a force (e.g. a lever)

8. 5 Main Functions It may: transform energy (e.g. an electric motor)
transfer forces (e.g. a car engine)
change the direction of a force (e.g. a pulley)
change the magnitude of a force (e.g. a lever)
change distance or speed (e.g. gears)

9. Compound Machines
Many machines are compound machines, constructed of several simple machines working together.

10. Simple Machines Simple machines can be split into 2 families:
The lever family

11. Simple Machines Simple machines can be split into 2 families:
The lever family
The inclined plane family

12. The Lever Family The lever family consists of the: Lever Pulley
Wheel and axle
Gears

13. The Lever Family
A lever is a rigid bar that can rotate freely around a support called a fulcrum.

14. The Lever Family
Pulleys, wheels, and gears all rotate completely around a fulcrum.

15. The Lever Family
Pulleys, wheels, and gears all rotate completely around a fulcrum.
You can construct systems of pulleys just like you can construct systems of gears.

16. The Inclined Plane Family
The inclined plane family consists of the:
Inclined plane
Wedge
Screw

17. The Inclined Plane Family
An inclined plane is simply a ramp that moves something horizontally as it moves vertically (and stairs may be included).

18. The Inclined Plane Family
A wedge is a double inclined plane.

19. The Inclined Plane Family
A screw is an inclined plane wrapped around a central axis.

20. Biomechanical Systems
Biomechanical systems, which are systems involving a living body, can also be understood as machines,
e.g. the human forearm works as a lever.