1. Composition of Matter

2. Element – substance made up of atoms with the same identity
Substance – type of matter with a fixed composition that cannot be separated by physical means
Element – substance made up of atoms with the same identity
Ex: Gold
Helium
Aluminum
Carbon

3. Compound – atoms of two or more elements chemically combined in a fixed portion
Ex: water (H2O)
carbon dioxide (CO2)
oxygen (O2)
salt

4. Mixture – material made up of two or more substances that can be separated by physical means

5. Heterogeneous – mixture in which different materials can be easily distinguished
Ex: pizza
fruit salad
granite

6. Homogeneous – mixture in which two or more substances are uniformly spread out
Ex: vinegar, salt water

8. Element, Compound, or Mixture?

9. Types of Mixtures

10. Solution – homogeneous mixture of particles so small that they cannot even be seen with a microscope and will never settle to the bottom of their container
Ex: vinegar
soda (coke)
hydrogen peroxide
air

11. 2 parts of a solution Solvent – dissolving substance Ex: water
2. Solute – substance being dissolved
Ex: Kool-Aid powder

12. Colloid – type of mixture with particles that are larger than those in solution, but still too light to settle out
Ex: milk (water and fat), fog (water and air), cool whip, cytoplasm 

13. 2 States of a Colloid
Sol – liquid
Gel – semisolid

14. Determining colloids is sometimes difficult so shining a bean of light at colloid will make the light scatter – this scattering of light by a colloid is called the Tyndall effect.

15. Suspension – heterogenous mixture containing a liquid in which visible particles settle
Ex: Italian dressing, muddy pond water, chocolate milk, blood
*Hint – if it needs shaking to mix, then it’s a suspension

16. Review of Composition of Matter
Distinguish between a substance from a mixture. Give two examples of each.
Compare and Contrast How is a compound similar to a homogeneous mixture? How is it different?
Identify three elements and three compounds. How are they similar? How are they different?
Make a table that compares the properties of suspensions, colloids, and solutions.
Why do the words “Shake well before using” indicate that the fruit juice in a carton is a suspension? Why are these words not used on a milk container?