1. It’s what the world is made of.
Matter:
It’s what the world is made of.
Here are some notes

2. What is matter?
Matter is anything that has mass and takes up space.

3. What do you know about matter?
Gases
Plasma
Solids
Liquids

4. STATES OF MATTER Based upon particle arrangement
Based upon energy of particles
Based upon distance between particles

5. Kinetic Theory of Matter
Matter is made up of particles which are in continual random motion.

6. Solids Solids have definite shape and definite volume.
Solids have mass.
Solids take up space.

7. Particles in Solids: Are packed tightly together
Have very little energy = loses heat
Vibrate in place
Have a definite shape and definite volume

8. Liquids
Liquids take the shape of their container and have definite volume.
Liquids have mass.
Liquids take up space.

9. Particles in Liquids: Are loosely packed Have medium energy levels
Particles flow around each other
Liquids have an indefinite shape and a definite volume.

10. Gases
Gases spread out to fill the entire space given and do not have definite volume.
Gases have mass.
Gases take up space.

11. Particles in Gases: Move freely Have LOTS of energy
Gases have an indefinite shape and an indefinite volume.

12. Plasma Lightning is a plasma.
Used in fluorescent light bulbs and Neon lights.
Plasma is a lot like a gas, but the particles are electrically charged.

13. Particles in Plasma: Are electrically charged
Have EXTREMELY high energy levels
A plasma is an ionized gas.
A plasma is a very good conductor of electricity and is affected by magnetic fields.
Plasmas, like gases have an indefinite shape and an indefinite volume.

14. Lightning

15. The Sun is an example of a star in its plasma state

16. What would it take for matter to move from one state to another?
STATES of matter?
What would it take for matter to move from one state to another?

17. Energy determines the state!

18. STATES OF MATTER LIQUID PLASMA SOLID GAS
Tightly packed, in a regular pattern
Vibrate, but do not move from place to place
Close together with no regular arrangement.
Vibrate, move about, and slide past each other
Well separated with no regular arrangement.
Vibrate and move freely at high speeds
Has no definite volume or shape and is composed of electrical charged particles

19. Add or Subtract Energy. . .
When energy is added, particles move faster!
When energy is taken away, particles move slower!

20. Description of Phase Change
PHASE CHANGES
Description of Phase Change
Term for Phase Change
Heat Movement During
Phase Change
Solid to liquid
Melting
Heat goes into the solid as it melts.
Endothermic
Liquid to solid
Freezing
Heat leaves the liquid as it freezes.
Exothermic

21. Description of Phase Change
PHASE CHANGES
Description of Phase Change
Term for Phase Change
Heat Movement During
Phase Change
Liquid to gas
Vaporization, which includes boiling and evaporation
Heat goes into the liquid as it vaporizes.
Gas to liquid
Condensation
Heat leaves the gas as it condenses.
Solid to gas
Sublimation
Heat goes into the solid as it sublimates.

22. Solid + Energy = ?
When energy is added to solids, they become liquids!
Examples?

23. Liquid + Energy = ?
When energy is added to liquids, they become gases!
What examples can you think of?

24. Changing States State change Phase change Physical change
There are several names for matter changing states:
State change
Phase change
Physical change

25. Review Questions
What state of matter has definite volume and definite shape?
Describe the properties of liquids.
Describe the differences between gases and plasma.
What is needed for states of matter to change phase?