1. JACKSONIAN America
United States History

2. Goal and Purpose:
2.04 Discuss political events, issues, and personalities that led to sectionalism and nationalism.
General Andrew Jackson

3. Western Expansion
As Americans move west and new states are created, the balance of power in Congress of free and slave states is at risk.
Hey, O! Let’s Go!

4. Missouri Compromise Maine admitted as a free state
Missouri admitted as a slave state
Above 36*30’ would be free and below would be slave (Arkansas Territory)

5. Election of 1824 Four candidates ran for president in 1824
All were Democratic-Republicans
Andrew Jackson won the most popular votes
No candidate won the electoral college votes

6. A Battle of “favorite sons”
All of the candidates were popular in their own states and anyone could have won the election.
Andrew Jackson = Tennessee
Henry Clay = Kentucky
John Quincy Adams = Massachusetts
William Crawford = Georgia
The election would have to be decided by the House of Representatives

7. The Corrupt Bargain
Speaker of the House of Representatives, Henry Clay decided to give the election to John Quincy Adams
Andrew Jackson was outraged and called the deal a “corrupt bargain”

8. President John Quincy Adams
What happened to Daddy’s Federalist Party?
6th President
Son of President # 2 John Adams
Democratic-Republican
1 term
Build the National Road
Defeated in 1828 by Andrew Jackson

9. Election of 1828 John Quincy Adams against Andrew Jackson
Bitter mudslinging campaign
Jackson represents the common man
Jackson wins the election

10. mudslinging Candidates criticize each other’s characters and morals
Adams was seen as an aristocrat
Jackson was seen as representing the common man

11. Andrew Jackson Old Hickory President # 7 First Democrat President
Spoils System
Tariff of Abominations caused SC to threaten to secede from the United States
Indian Removal Act and Cherokee Trail of Tears
Killed the Bank of the United States

12. Democrat Party Andrew Jackson is the father of the Democrat Party
Favored a limited federal government
Jackson was called a “Jackass” by his opponents and that became the mascot for the Democrat Party

13. Jacksonian Democracy Spoils system of rewarding political allies
Limited federal government, but increase of the President’s power
Next five presidents try to copy Jackson

14. Spoils system
Andrew Jackson rewarded his political supporters with government jobs and political positions in government
His poker playing buddies were called his “kitchen cabinet” and had more influence than the official cabinet

15. Indian Removal Act
1830
Congress passed a law requiring American Indians to be removed from their homelands and relocated to Oklahoma Territory

16. Seminole Fight Back
Seminole Indians of Florida use hit and run tactics against American soldiers.
3,000 Seminole were forced to move to Indian Territory.
Seminole descendants live in Florida today.

17. Worcester v. Georgia
1832
Supreme Court ruled that the Cherokee were an independent nation and did not have to be removed from Georgia.
Andrew Jackson sent the military to remove the Cherokee to Oklahoma anyway.
Sequoyah = Cherokee leader
Cherokee Phoenix Newspaper

18. Trail of Tears
1838
Jackson’s successor President Martin Van Buren sent the army to enforce the Indian Removal Act on the Cherokee people
Over 4,000 Cherokee died on the Trail of Tears

19. Trail of Tears
1838
Jackson’s successor President Martin Van Buren sent the army to enforce the Indian Removal Act on the Cherokee people
Over 4,000 Cherokee died on the Trail of Tears

20. Trail of Tears

21. Second Bank of the United States
Andrew Jackson believed the national bank was a monopoly.
AJ vetoed Congress’ bill to give the Bank another 20 year charter
AJ removed the money from the Bank and deposited it into state banks
The 2nd Bank of the U.S. closed.
This eventually hurt the economy.

22. Conflict over States’ Rights
Argument over the 10th Amendment that protects states’ rights.
Jackson was for more states’ rights.

23. South Carolina is going to nullify this Tariff of Abominations!
Nullification Crisis
I don’t care if you are my Vice President, I’ll send in the troops, takeover SC, and hang you myself d#
South Carolina is going to nullify this Tariff of Abominations!
South Carolina threatened to secede from the United States in protest of new tariffs placed on imports from England
Vice President John C. Calhoun believed that his state had the right to nullify the Tariff of Abominations

24. secede to withdraw from the United States
South Carolina threatened to leave the United States because of tariffs
(They did not secede, but later SC will be the first state to secede before the Civil War.)
Adios

25. John C. Calhoun Vice President to Andrew Jackson From South Carolina
Wanted Jackson and Congress to cut the tariffs
Congress passed the Force Bill giving the President authority to use military force if SC did not obey the federal laws

26. Henry Clay saves the Day!
The great compromiser
Worked out a deal with Congress to reduce the tariffs each year.