1. Mitosis Chapter 8 Honors Biology Cell Division

2. G 2 of Interphase Chromosomes are not clear (still chromatin) Nucleolus visible Nuclear envelope Centrosomes duplicated (each centrosome has 2 centrioles)

3. Why is mitosis important? 1. Growth 2. Cell replacement 3. Asexual Reproduction

4. pp. 130-131 of textbook Mitosis Stages

5. G 2 Prophase Prometaphase Name the structures and describe what is happening.

6. Prophase Chromatin fibers coil to become dense chromosomes They join at the centromere as sister chromatids 2 centrosomes made in G 2

7. Prophase Nucleolus Disappears Spindle Fibers Form as microtubules out from the centrosomes (MTOC) Asters form (shorter microtubules extending from centrosomes)

8. See the chromosomes condense Centrosomes move away from each other, propelled by the lengthening microtubules between them Mitosis Animation (show through prophase)Mitosis Animation (show through prophase)

9. Prometaphase Nuclear envelope disintegrates (vesicles) Each sister chromatid has a kinetochore at centromere Kinetochore spindles attach to kinetochore Non-kinetochore spindles pole to pole

10. Prometaphase How many chromosomes are there? How many sister chromatid pairs are there? ANSWER: 4, 4

11. Kinetochore : attach spindle fibers to chromatid Kinetochore in pink

12. Kinetochore * Microtubule dynamics animation (+/- ends, jerking) Microtubule dynamics animation Spindle microtubules at centromere During prometaphase some spindle microtubules attach to the kinetochores Chromosomes tug of war to poles begins

13. McGraw-Hill Mitosis and Cytokinesis Microtubules lengthen and shorten by the addition or removal of tubulin. Kinetochore microtubules shorten in the region of the kinetochore, pulling the chromosomes apart. Polar microtubules elongate to push against each other and thus, push the two centrosomes apart.

14. COOL SITE ** GO TO Biovision: Inner life of a cell- Harvard (microtubules build and break down) NARRATED VERSIONBiovision: Inner life of a cell- Harvard

15. REAL FOOTAGE Animations Scroll down to Chapter 10Animations Microtubule dynamics in prophase Capture of a kinetochore Alignment of chromosomes Aligned chromosomes oscillate continuously – jerking AND MUCH MORE

16. Metaphase Anaphase Telophase Name the structures and describe what is happening.

17. Metaphase Centrioles now at opposite poles Sister chromatids line up at the metaphase plate (equator) Each chromosome has its own kinetochore coming from opposite poles

18. Anaphase Spindle fibers pull the chromatids to the opposite poles Centromere split Nonkinetochore microtubules lengthen

19. Telophase Chromatids are now at the opposite ends of the cell Late: Chromatids back to chromatin Spindles dissolve Reforming of nucleolus and nuclear envelope

20. Telophase: end with two equal daughter cells

21. NAME THE PHASES:

24. SHOWTIME Mitosis Movie Mitosis (narrated movie)Mitosis Interactive human mitosis animation

25. Cytokinesis (actually at the end of telophase) Separation of the cytoplasm

26. Cytokinesis Animals Actin and myosin form cleavage furrow Plants Vesicles from the Golgi make cell plate

27. Cleavage furrow

28. Cell Plate

29. Cytokinesis Videos ANIMAL Flash cytokinesis (:03)Flash cytokinesis (:03) Cleavage of a fertilized frog egg (:25)Cleavage of a fertilized frog egg cell division on contrast microscope (:58)cell division on contrast microscope (:58) PLANT Mitosis and cell plate formation of giant chromosomes Haemanthus (1:14)Mitosis and cell plate formation of giant chromosomes Haemanthus Endosperm cell division (:07)Endosperm cell division (:07) Cytokinesis Animal and Plant Cells (3:48)Cytokinesis Animal and Plant Cells

30. Mitosis and Meiosis Choose mitosis rap)Mitosis and Meiosis

31. Mitosis differences ANIMAL Centrioles in centrosomes Growth all over the animal (usually) PLANT No centrioles in centrosomes Growth only at meristems

32. What cells undergo mitosis? A LOT Skin Blood Digestive tract NOT AT ALL Nerve muscle

33. Where does mitosis occur in organisms? PLANTS Meristems (growing tips) ANIMALS Most places: skin, hair, blood, digestive tract DNA tube mitosis real mitosisDNA tube mitosis real mitosis

34. NICE REVIEW OF MITOSIS Biology Animation: Cell Cycle + QuizBiology Animation: Cell Cycle + Quiz Can click on each phase Can take quiz (can review if incorrect answer)

35. Which phase of mitosis? Interphase Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase A: Interphase

36. Which phase of mitosis? Interphase Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase A: anaphase

37. Which phase of mitosis? Interphase Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase A:metaphase

38. Which phase of mitosis? Interphase Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase A:prophase

39. Which phase of mitosis? Interphase Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase A. telophase

40. Which phase of mitosis? Interphase Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase A. prophase

41. Which phase of mitosis? Interphase Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase A. telophase

42. Which phase of mitosis? Interphase Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase A. anaphase

43. Which phase of mitosis? Interphase Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase A. metaphase

44. Which phase of mitosis? Interphase Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase A. interphase

45. PLANTCELLSPLANTCELLS

46. Online Activity Worksheet Online Onion Root TipsOnline Onion Root Tips

47. Practice Links Animal Cell Mitosis Plant and Animal Cell MitosisPlant and Animal Cell Mitosis Nice Mitosis Animal CellsNice Mitosis Animal Cells Mitosis World (yes, it is as good as Disney World)Mitosis World