1. WLTP Validation3 test result ~ Road load determination ~
Proposed by Japan
DTP-ICE group
under GRPE/WLTP informal group
20th-21st Feb. 2013
AECC/ACEA, Brussels 1

2. Test matrix of Validation 3 test Test results
Table of contents
Purpose
Test matrix of Validation 3 test
Test results
3.1. Equivalence of ATF temperature
3.2. Stability of vehicle condition
3.3. Impacts of the number of coastdown on CO2
Summary
Proposal of warming up condition for RLD
Appendix.

3. 1. Purpose on ROAD Seeking [Appropriate warming up condition] on DYNO
Warming up speed
Speed adjustment (Engine brake)
on DYNO
Seeking [Similar warmed up condition]
Speed up condition (by vehicle drive or by CHDY roller)
Number of replication of coasting down
Check [Emission & CO2 impact]
1st-3rd coast down average and 9th coast down.
Veh. A ： 2.0 L, Sedan, FF, 5AT
Veh. B ： 3.5 L, Van, FF, 6AT

4. Test matrix of Validation 3 test Test results
Table of contents
Purpose
Test matrix of Validation 3 test
Test results
3.1. Equivalence of ATF temperature
3.2. Stability of vehicle condition
3.3. Impacts of the number of coastdown on CO2
Summary
Proposal of warming up condition for RLD
Appendix.

5. Test matrix - on ROAD -
Evaluate the effects of warming up condition on ATF temperature
Condition
Split
Warming up condition (cruising speed)
Speed adjusting
Dire-ction
No. of coast down
Phase 1 ( kph)
Phase 2 ( kph)
Phase 3 ( kph)
Phase 4 ( kph)
Ideal No
155 km/h -
Two-way 1
Current gtr proposal
Yes
(until stabilized)
Coasting
One way 3 2
Saved time
Engine brake
Max. Ref. speed
135 km/h (until stabilized)
Accelerate to 155 km/h & Coasting 4
realistic
120km/h (until stabilized) 　
120km/h (until stabilized) 5
2/3 of gtr proposal
100 km/h
(until stabilized 6
1/2 of gtr proposal
80 km/h 7
1/3 of gtr proposal
55 km/h (until stabilized)
XX kph
155 kph
‘**) warming up was conducted until the vehicle become stabilized (go-around: 1~3 times or 5 min. ) 5

6. 2.1.2. Test sequence of On-road test
Start
Measurement of Vehicle mass
Measurement of Vehicle mass
Brake adjustment
(80 -> 20 kph = 10 sec.)
Weight adjustment / Refueling
Warming up
XXX kph * 5 ~ 45 min.
Repetition ≥3
Unstable
fulfill
Check stabilization
End
Stable
Accelerate to 155 kph
Cruising at 155 kph
Approx. 10 sec.
Coasting down
Yes
Split? No

7. 2.2. Test matrix - on DYNO - Seeking [Similar warmed up condition]
Seeking similar warmed up condition as ‘on Road’
Condition
Warming up condition (cruising speed)
Way for speed up
No. of repetition of coast-down 1
155 km/h * 30 min.
by roller
9 times 2
by vehicle 3
135 km/h * 30 min. 4 5
120 km/h * 30 min. 6 7
100 km/h * 30 min. 8 9
80 km/h * 30 min 10 11
55 km/h * 30 min 12
Acceleration: v*a = 6 m2/s3 (75%tile of WWW database) 7

8. Test matrix of Validation 3 test Test results
Table of contents
Purpose
Test matrix of Validation 3 test
Test results
3.1. Equivalence of ATF temperature
3.2. Stability of vehicle condition
3.3. Impacts of the number of coastdown on CO2
Summary
Proposal of warming up condition for RLD
Appendix.

9. 3.1.1. Comparison of ATF temperature – Vehicle A
◆on ROAD
◆on DYNO,
speed up by roller
◆on DYNO,
speed up by vehicle
Coast-down
Warming up
Converge
155kph-Engine brake
Decrease
Coastdown×9
Warming up
Warming up
Coastdown×9
When the acceleration was operated by roller, the ATF temperature was gradually decreased and differ from on-road condition.
When the acceleration was operated by vehicle drive, the ATF temperature converge on stable temperature.

10. 3.1.2. Comparison of ATF temperature – Vehicle B
◆on ROAD
◆on DYNO,
speed up by roller
◆on DYNO,
speed up by vehicle
Coast-down
Warming up
Decrease
Converge
Warming up
Warming up
Coastdown×9
Coastdown×9
When the acceleration was operated by roller, the ATF temperature was gradually decreased and differ from on-road condition.
When the acceleration was operated by vehicle drive, the ATF temperature converge on stable temperature.

11. 3.1.3. Temperature difference between ‘on ROAD’ and ‘on DYNO’
[Comparison of temperature at the end of warming up]
5.8
2.6
Warming up speed
The warming up speed that the vehicle conditions become similar between on road test and on dyno. test is 120 km/h.

12. 3.2.2. Mechanical friction of vehicle
Detail of road load on DYNO
Target RL
CHDY setting load [RLdyno]
(adjuster)
Road load (N)
Mechanical friction of vehicle
(variable value depend on
warming up condition)
Mechanical friction of CHDY
(fixed value)
Speed (km/h)
(*) CHDY: Chassis dynamometer
RLdyno = RLtarget – MFvehicle - MFCHDY
Need to be stable
(*) RLdyno: CHDY setting load, RLtarget: Target RL, MFvehicle: Mechanical friction of vehicle, MFCHDY: Mechanical friction of CHDY

13. 3.2.2. Stability of vehicle condition (Vehicle A)
warming up speed
20N
No. of coastdown
Speed
warming up speed
No. of coastdown
Speed
In 1st coastdown, mechanical friction is reduced with increasing of warming up speed
Mechanical friction is increased with increasing of number of coastdown

14. 3.2.2. Stability of vehicle condition (Vehicle B)
warming up speed
30N
20N
No. of coastdown
Speed
warming up speed
No. of coastdown
Speed
In 1st coastdown, mechanical friction is reduced with increasing of warming up speed
Mechanical friction is increased with increasing of number of coastdown

15. 3.2.3. Focus on warming up at 120 km/h
Veh. A, by Roller
Veh. A, by vehicle
Better
Increasing
Warming up at 120 km/h
Warming up at 120 km/h
Stable (except 1st CD)
Veh. B, by Roller
Veh. B, by vehicle
Better
Warming up at 120 km/h
Increasing
Warming up at 120 km/h
Stable (except 1st CD)
Mechanical friction is increasing with no. of coastdown, when acceleration is operated by CHDY roller

16. 3.3. Impacts on CO2
It was observed to lower CO2 value when the CHDY setting RL is set based on 9th coastdown.
[Vehicle A]
Warming up condition: 135kph, accelerated by Roller
0.8%
0.2%
0.7%
0.3%
[Vehicle B]
Warming up condition: 135kph, accelerated by Roller
2.1%
1.4%
2.9%
0.6%
1.7%

17. Test matrix of Validation 3 test Test results
Table of contents
Purpose
Test matrix of Validation 3 test
Test results
3.1. Equivalence of ATF temperature
3.2. Stability of vehicle condition
3.3. Impacts of the number of coastdown on CO2
Summary
Proposal of warming up condition for RLD
Appendix.

18. 4. Summary Common On dyno. test
ATF temperature was varied depending on warming up vehicle speed both on road test and on dyno. test.
The most similar warming up condition on ATF temperature between on road test and on dyno. test is vehicle speed of 120 km/h.
On dyno. test
When the acceleration was operated by roller, the ATF temperature was gradually decreased and gap to on-road test was appeared.
When the acceleration was operated by vehicle drive, the ATF temperature converge on stable temperature.
The mechanical friction of vehicle varied depending on dyno. setting method such as vehicle speed, number of coastdown and acceleration method. Then dyno. setting method affect CO2 value.
In order to obtain an appropriate road load and dyno. set value, it is necessary to define a detail warming up condition in WLTP gtr text.

19. Test matrix of Validation 3 test Test results
Table of contents
Purpose
Test matrix of Validation 3 test
Test results
3.1. Equivalence of ATF temperature
3.2. Stability of vehicle condition
3.3. Impacts of the number of coastdown on CO2
3.4. Effects of Engine brake on ATF temperature
Summary
Proposal of warming up condition for RLD
Appendix.

20. 5. Proposal of warming up condition for RLD
In order to obtain an appropriate CO2, Japan propose the following warming up condition and Dyno. setting method.
Warming up condition
Dyno. setting method
On ROAD
Beginning of a test
- constant speed of 120 km/h
- more than 30 min.
Once warmed up
- until stable condition
On DYNO
- 120 km/h constant speed
(*) The warming up speed could be reduced when a safety problem is recognized.
(**) Warming up speed shall be same between on ROAD and on DYNO.
- Accelerated by vehicle drive
v*a = 6 m2/s3 as tentative target
- 3 run average method
Average of 1st - 3rd coastdown or
Average of 2nd and 3rd coastdown
(Watch a discussion of SAE for future
amendment)
[Example]
120kph×30m
120kph
(*) Vmax_vehicle [ * X] < 120 km/h: Vwarming_up = Capped speed (= Vmax_vehicle [ * X] )

21. Test matrix of Validation 3 test Test results
Table of contents
Purpose
Test matrix of Validation 3 test
Test results
3.1. Equivalence of ATF temperature
3.2. Stability of vehicle condition
3.3. Impacts of the number of coastdown on CO2
3.4. Effects of Engine brake on ATF temperature
Summary
Proposal for warming up condition for RLD
Appendix.

22. 3-run average method set an initial road load
Ad=0.5At, Bd=0.2Bt, Cd=Ct
suffix: d = dyno setting load, t = target
warming up [120 km/h×30 min.]
coasting down 3 times
calculate the mean total friction
adjust the dyno setting load
subtract
Total friction-1~3
Target RL
Initial RL as CHDY setting load
Ad = 0.5*At, Bd = 0.2*Bt, Cd = Ct
Adjusted CHDY setting load