1. Chapter 16
Fungi

2. Characteristics of Fungi
16.1
Characteristics of Fungi
Add picture of different fungus

3. Fungus Comes in many forms Yeast Giant puffballs Mushrooms Mold
Pictures of all 4

4. Yeast Unicellular Fungi
Have cell wall, cell membrane, nucleus, large vacuole, membrane organelles.
Undergoes cell division

5. Structure of a mushroom

6. Cap
Protects the spores and aids in their dispersal.

7. Annulus
Marks the site of attachment of the cap before it opens.

8. Stipe
Stalk that supports the cap.

9. Gills
Found on the underside of the cap, produce spores.

10. Hyphae
Tubule filled with cytoplasm and nuclei

11. Septa
Wall that may divide the hypha into segments.

12. Mycelium
Interwoven hyphae that form the entire body of the fungus.

13. Nutrition
Fungi attain food by absorbing it by diffusion from organic molecules found in the environment.
Hyphae produce an enzyme that break down large organic molecules into smaller usable pieces.
Can break down lignin, which is a major component of wood.
Most are saprophyte, absorb nutrients from dead organisms.

14. Growth
Fungi grow extremely fast since nutrients are spread quickly using hyphae.
Groups of fungi are not separate organisms, but are generally part of a single fungus connected by the mycelium, which can cover more than a 1000 acres.

15. 16.2
Origin and Diversity of Fungi

16. Plant like Evolved 400 million years ago from Protista kingdom.
Classified in plant kingdom for many years, for this reasons they have divisions instead of phyla.
Differences
Made of chitin not cellulose
Are heterotrophs not autotrophs

17. Spores Reproductive cells of fungi
Can remain dormant or develop into new organisms
Mush rooms produce an average of 16 billion spores

18. Kingdom of Fungi
Common molds
Club Fungi
Imperfect Fungi
Sac Fungi

19. Common Molds
Hyphae lack septa, the walls that divide the hyphae into segements

20. Rhiziods
Absorb nutrients and hold common molds to their food source like roots anchor plants to soil.
If you cut the mold of a block of cheese, odds are good you missed all of the rhizoids which could be spread through the entire block.

21. Stolons Connect groups of rhizoids to one another.
Transport cytoplasm containing nutrients throughout the fungi.

22. Zygospore Means tough spores
Can survive many years in harsh conditions, when condition are right it starts to grow.

23. Sac Fungi
Diverse division (phyla) that includes yeast, mildew, lichens and morels.

24. asci
Saclike structure that appears during sexual reproduction

25. Club Fungi
Common mushrooms.
Almost always reproduce sexually

26. Basidia
a microscopic, club-shaped spore-bearing structure produced by club fungi

27. Imperfect fungi Reproduce only asexually Athletes foot Ring worm
Penicillium

28. 16.3
Fungi in the Biosphere

29. Lichens
any of numerous complex plantlike organisms made up of an alga and a fungus growing in symbiotic association on a solid surface (as a rock)

30. Mycorrhizae
A fungus that grows in association with the roots of a plant in a symbiotic or mildly pathogenic relationship.

31. Plant disease Some fungi are harmful effects to their host.
Rust--plant diseases caused by pathogenic fungi
Dutch elm diseases--caused by a member of the sac fungi affecting elm trees, and is spread by the elm bark beetle.

32. Human Diseases Athletes foots Ringworm
Thrush—most found in infants, adults on strong antibiotics' can get thrush.

33. Human uses
Food although many are poisonous
Medicine

34. Fungi in Medicine
Penicillin prevents peptidoglycan from cross-linking properly in the last stages of bacterial cell wall synthesis. This greatly weakens the cell wall and causes the bacterium to lyse, or burst open, because of osmotic pressure.