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Topic 11 Divisions of the Nervous System
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Meninges… Stability & shock Dura mater Arachnoid mater Dense collagen
Nerves & bld v. Epidural space… Arachnoid mater S. squam Subarachnoid space No bld v. Collagen & elastin 12.3.1
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Meninges… Pia mater Thin, w/ bld v. Attached to surface... Nurtures
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12.3.2
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13.3.1
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Ventricles 4 Countinuous… CSF… 13.2.2
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Choroid plexus Produces… Projects… Ependymal cells Blocks Transport
13.3.3
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CSF ECF Most is made in… Baths exposed… Sends env info Maintains [ion]
![CSF ECF Most is made in… Baths exposed… Sends env info Maintains [ion]](http://slideplayer.com./slide/16630471/96/images/9/CSF+ECF+Most+is+made+in%E2%80%A6+Baths+exposed%E2%80%A6+Sends+env+info+Maintains+%5Bion%5D.jpg "CSF ECF Most is made in… Baths exposed… Sends env info Maintains [ion]")
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31 segments Enlargements Divided by… Cross-section Horns Funiculi
Fissure/sulcus Cross-section Horns Funiculi 12.2(1,2)
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Bilateral region of skin monitored by a pair of spinal nerves.
Dermatomes Bilateral region of skin monitored by a pair of spinal nerves. Map for damage Ex. shingles 12.5.3
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Center spinal reflexes Conduit Nerve pathway
Function: Center spinal reflexes Conduit Nerve pathway Afferent Efferent
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Preprogrammed response Automatic Regulates
Reflexes Preprogrammed response Automatic Regulates
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Knee jerk reflex: Monosynaptic
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Crossed extensor reflex: Contralateral
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Conduit Ascending tract Sensory impulse Cross-over
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Conduit Descending tract motor impulse
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Neural tube fore/mid/hindbrain with cavities
13.1(1,2)
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Three major portions 13.2.1
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Cerebral cortex Covers gyri Gray 75% of all cell bodies May cross at…
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High brain functions Areas Sensoryparietal Motoryfrontal
Special senses… Vision Hearing Gustatory & olfactory Associational… Connects of brain structures Integrates sensory information
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Both control basic functions, but on… Left-intellectual function
Dominance Both control basic functions, but on… Left-intellectual function Right-emotional/intuitive Memory Short term Electrical Continued pattern of stimulation Long term Change in structure Theory: repeated stimulation strengthens connects
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13.7+
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Diencephalon Dense mass… Thalamus Hypothalamus Limbic system
Selective gateway for impulses Hypothalamus Homeostasis Links NS & ES Limbic system Group of nuclei Emotional response
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13.6.3
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Midbrain Several masses= reflex centers Ex. Eye/ear reflex Pathway Pons Control breathing rhythm Medulla oblongata Reflex center
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Reticular formation HQ Filter sensory Maintains consciousness
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Cerebellum Hemispheres Cerebellar cortex Balance & equilibrium Smooth movements
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Peripheral anatomy Nerve Epineurium Perineurium Endoneurium Can be classified as…
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12.5.1
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Some sp. senses/some motor Subdivide
PNS: Cranial nerves 12 Some sp. senses/some motor Subdivide Somatic Conscious activities Skin & muscles Autonomic Subconscious Viscera
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13.14
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PNS: Spinal nerves #... Mixed Named from…
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Ventral root Motory Plexus Then divides to ramus Dorsal root Sensory Ganglion
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Reflexes controlled from… Sensory info from…
ANS: Reflexes controlled from… Sensory info from… Integrated outside of spinal cord 2 division: Sympathetic Prepares for expending E Ganglia near spinal cord Parasympathetic Active during restful conditions Restores conditions Ganglia near effector organ
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14.4.1
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14.4.2
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Autonomic nerve fibers:
Motor (efferent) neuron of ANS
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Sympathetic (postganglion) Norepinephine Adrenergic Fight or flight
Parasympathetic (postganglion) ACh Cholinergic restful 14.6+
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