1. Chapter One Section One
The Greek Roots of Democracy

2. Greece
Greece is located in Europe on the Mediterranean Sea. It is between the modern day Italy and Turkey.

3. What was Ancient Greece like?
Greece was the first ancient region to organize itself into city-states beginning around 500 B.C. or B.C.E.
City-states are political units made up of a city and its surrounding areas (much smaller than countries)
Sparta and Athens became the most powerful
Most city states were ruled by a king, in a system called a MONARCHY

4. How was Athens different from Sparta?
Athens- First democratic city-state, using votes of the people to establish laws
These are the thinker types.
Sparta- Greek city state based on military power and warrior culture
Have you seen 300?

5. What is democracy? Democracy is government by the people.
In this system the citizens of a society are involved in the lawmaking and governing roles of a political unit.

6. How are direct and indirect democracy different?
Direct Democracy- people vote directly for the rules and laws that will govern them.
Indirect Democracy- This system uses votes from the people to elect representatives. These representatives are trusted to make laws that will govern the people. This is called a Republic.

7. Who were the important Athenian philosophers?
Increased stability in Athens allowed time and resources for great thinkers to prosper.
Socrates- questioned the goal and purpose of government
Plato- believed that the state should protect the people.
Aristotle- Preferred government by many, not the few, so that power would not be abused. He feared tyranny.

8. 1. Solon Made many needed reforms. Opened offices to more citizens.
Gave Athenian assembly more say in decisions.

9. 2. Pisistratus Seized power by force (tyrant).
Gave farmers and poor citizens a greater voice.
Weakened the aristocracy.

10. 3. Cleisthenes Broadened the role of ordinary citizens in government.
Set up the Council of 500.
Made the assembly a genuine legislature.

11. 4. Pericles Led a thriving economy and more democratic government.
Believed all male citizens—regardless of wealth or social class—should take part in government.
Stressed the rights and duties of individuals as citizens of a democracy.
Expressed the earliest and greatest democratic ideals in his Funeral Oration.

12. 5. Socrates Socrates was famous for questioning leadership.
He used a process we call the “Socratic Method.”
Believed the unexamined life was not worth living.

13. 6. Plato Plato was the student of Socrates. Set up a school in Athens.
Believed reason led to genuine knowledge.
He wrote the Republic which detailed his vision of the ideal state.
Rejected Athenian democracy.
Believed the state should regulate citizens’ lives.

14. 7. Aristotle Aristotle was the student of Plato.
Tutor to Alexander the Great.
Favored a constitutional government ruled by the middle class.
Believed the city-state was the best form of human community.
Promoted reason as the guiding force for learning.
Set up a school for the study of all branches of knowledge—university.
He thought the “Golden Mean” or happy medium was the best course of action.

15. What did ancient Greek architecture look like?

19. Can you answer the section focus question?
What ideas did we, in the Modern Era steal from ancient Greece about Democracy?

20. Can you answer the part of the Chapter Focus question?
What are the main historical sources of democracy?