1. Heat and Temperature
Chapter 14

2. Temperature
______________ plays a vital roll in our lives. We use weather to determine many aspects of our __________.
__________or not
What to wear
________
The ___________ of a substance is proportional to the _________ energy of the substance’s ___________.

3. Particles
All __________ have __________ because the Kinetic Theory states that all particles are always in _______
___________ is directly related to the speed of the particles
Faster __________ of particles the higher the __________ and vise versa

4. Temperature
____________ use the expansion of liquids inside of them to measure ____________
Most use liquid ethanol or ________
_______ also expand when heated and contract when cooled
__________ inside homes are made with metal ________
The coils expand or ________ toward depending on the ___________

5. Temperature Scales
There are different __________ scales used throughout the world
__________, Celsius, and Kelvin scales are _________used for different applications in different parts of the world.
Here in the US we use _________
Most other countries use _________
_________ is used primarily for science purposes

6. Temperature Scales ___________ __________
Water freezes at 32 degrees and water boils at __________
__________
Water freezes at 0 degrees and boils at 100 degrees
1 degree __________ is equal to 1.8 degrees __________

7. Fahrenheit-Celsius Conversion

8. Kelvin Scale
The theoretically lowest temperature is Celsius and this is known as ______________
At the ___________ of absolute zero objects are said to have no kinetic energy
P________ can never completely reach absolute zero because _________ are always moving
No negative value of degrees _________

9. Kelvin to Celsius

10. Transfer of energy
If you put an ice cube on your hand the ice cube is much colder than the temperature of your hand, but when you place the ice cube in your hand energy from your hand is transferred to the ice cube, and the ice cube melts and your hand gets colder
__________ is transferred from a higher temperature to a _____________
Because _________are moving faster than cold particles so they are easier to move and transfer to other ________
__________  the energy transferred between objects that are at different temperatures

11. Energy Transfer Heat energy can be ___________ in three ways:
Convection

12. Conduction ________ of heat through a wire
If you are roasting ___________ with a wire hanger you will feel that heat of the fire heating up your ________ wire
This is known as _____________
__________ takes place when objects are in direct contact with equal ________

13. Conduction

14. Convection
____________ energy transfer resulting from the ________ of warm fluids
______ less dense air is forced upward and _____ dense air is pushed down
_________ occurs in most fluids (liquid and gas)
______________ any movement of matter that results from differences in density (vertical, horizontal, circular)
Moves up when _______ and back down when it is cooled

15. Convection

16. Radiation _________ energy that is transferred as ____________ waves
When you sit next to a fire you feel the ______ of it because of the electromagnetic waves that the fire is ________
When our body comes into contact with _________ it increases our temperature because it makes our _______ move faster
__________ is the only transfer of energy that can occur in a _________
Earth’s interaction with the sun is through __________

17. Conductor & Insulators
_________ is a material through which energy can be easily transferred as heat
_______ pans are made of metal because ________ are great _________ of heat
_________ material that ________ energy poorly
Holds heat in or keep heat out
__________ for houses keep heat inside
Oven _________keep heat out (prevent transfer of heat from pan to your hand)

18. Specific Heat
Depending on the ________ of a object depends on how much heat can be _________
Metal spoons become much warmer than plastic spoons because metal is a better conductor of heat than plastic
___________ the amount of energy required to raise the ________ of a 1 kg substance by 1 degree kelvin
All materials have different __________because of the material and the mass of the object

19. Specific Heat
We can use this formula to calculate the temperature change of any object

20. Law of Thermodynamics ____________________:
The __________ used in any process is conserved, whether that energy is _________ as a result of work, heat, or both
Energy transferred as heat always moves from an object at a __________ to an object at a lower temperature

21. 1st Law of Thermodynamics
If you rub your hands together work is done and heat is ________ between your hands
Your hands increase in ___________

22. 2nd Law of Thermodynamics
__________: the measure of ___________ or disorder in a system
Over time in any given ________ left to itself, the ________ of the system will increase because systems tend to go from high energy to low energy
_________ is lost and transferred to increase the amount of disorder in a system

23. Read pg. 492-493 Discuss Heat Engines and how engines work
Take notes as a class