2. Chapter 3 Complex Numbers Quadratic Functions and Equations Inequalities Rational Equations Radical Equations Absolute Value Equations

3. Willa Cather –U.S. novelist Art, it seems to me, should simplify. That indeed, is very nearly the whole of the higher artistic process; finding what conventions of form and what detail one can do without and yet preserve the spirit of the whole – so that all one has suppressed and cut away is there to the readers consciousness as much as if it were in type on the page.

4. Mathematics 116 Complex Numbers

5. Imaginary unit i

6. Set of Complex Numbers R = real numbers I = imaginary numbers C = Complex numbers

7. Elbert Hubbard –Positive anything is better than negative nothing.

8. Standard Form of Complex number a + bi Where a and b are real numbers 0 + bi = bi is a pure imaginary number

9. Equality of Complex numbers a+bi = c + di iff a = c and b = d

10. Powers of i

11. Add and subtract complex #s Add or subtract the real and imaginary parts of the numbers separately.

12. Orison Swett Marden All who have accomplished great things have had a great aim, have fixed their gaze on a goal which was high, one which sometimes seemed impossible.

13. Multiply Complex #s Multiply as if two polynomials and combine like terms as in the FOIL Note i squared = -1

14. Complex Conjugates a – bi is the conjugate of a + bi The product is a rational number

15. Divide Complex #s Multiply numerator and denominator by complex conjugate of denominator. Write answer in standard form

16. Harry Truman – American President A pessimist is one who makes difficulties of his opportunities and an optimist is one who makes opportunities of his difficulties.

17. Calculator and Complex #s Use Mode – Complex Use i second function of decimal point Use [Math] [Frac] and place in standard form a + bi Can add, subtract, multiply, and divide complex numbers with calculator.

18. Mathematics 116 Solving Quadratic Equations Algebraically This section contains much information

19. Def: Quadratic Function General Form a,b,c,are real numbers and a not equal 0

20. Objective – Solve quadratic equations Two distinct solutions One Solution – double root Two complex solutions Solve for exact and decimal approximations

21. Solving Quadratic Equation #1 Factoring Use zero Factor Theorem Set = to 0 and factor Set each factor equal to zero Solve Check

22. Solving Quadratic Equation #2 Graphing Solve for y Graph and look for x intercepts Can not give exact answers Can not do complex roots.

23. Solving Quadratic Equations #3 Square Root Property For any real number c

24. Sample problem

25. Sample problem 2

26. Solve quadratics in the form

27. Procedure 1. Use LCD and remove fractions 2. Isolate the squared term 3. Use the square root property 4. Determine two roots 5. Simplify if needed

28. Sample problem 3

29. Sample problem 4

30. Dorothy Broude Act as if it were impossible to fail.

31. Completing the square informal Make one side of the equation a perfect square and the other side a constant. Then solve by methods previously used.

32. Procedure: Completing the Square 1. If necessary, divide so leading coefficient of squared variable is 1. 2. Write equation in form 3. Complete the square by adding the square of half of the linear coefficient to both sides. 4. Use square root property 5. Simplify

33. Sample Problem

34. Sample Problem complete the square 2

35. Sample problem complete the square #3

36. Objective: Solve quadratic equations using the technique of completing the square.

37. Mary Kay Ash Aerodynamically, the bumble bee shouldnt be able to fly, but the bumble bee doesnt know it so it goes flying anyway.

38. College Algebra Very Important Concept!!! The Quadratic Formula

39. Objective of A students Derive the Quadratic Formula.

40. Quadratic Formula For all a,b, and c that are real numbers and a is not equal to zero

41. Sample problem quadratic formula #1

42. Sample problem quadratic formula #2

43. Sample problem quadratic formula #3

44. Pearl S. Buck All things are possible until they are proved impossible and even the impossible may only be so, as of now.

45. Methods for solving quadratic equations. 1. Factoring 2. Square Root Principle 3. Completing the Square 4. Quadratic Formula

46. Discriminant Negative – complex conjugates Zero – one rational solution (double root) Positive –Perfect square – 2 rational solutions –Not perfect square – 2 irrational solutions

47. Joseph De Maistre (1753-1821 – French Philosopher It is one of mans curious idiosyncrasies to create difficulties for the pleasure of resolving them.

48. Sum of Roots

49. Product of Roots

50. Calculator Programs ALGEBRA QUADRATIC QUADB ALG2 QUADRATIC

51. Ron Jaworski Positive thinking is the key to success in business, education, pro football, anything that you can mention. I go out there thinking that Im going to complete every pass.

52. Objective Solve by Extracting Square Roots

53. Objective: Know and Prove the Quadratic Formula If a,b,c are real numbers and not equal to 0

54. Objective – Solve quadratic equations Two distinct solutions One Solution – double root Two complex solutions Solve for exact and decimal approximations

55. Objective: Solve Quadratic Equations using Calculator Graphically Numerically Programs –ALGEBRAA –QUADB –ALG2 –others

56. Objective: Use quadratic equations to model and solve applied, real-life problems.

57. DAlembert – French Mathematician –The difficulties you meet will resolve themselves as you advance. Proceed, and light will dawn, and shine with increasing clearness on your path.

58. Vertex The point on a parabola that represents the absolute minimum or absolute maximum – otherwise known as the turning point. y coordinate determines the range. (x,y)

59. Axis of symmetry The vertical line that goes through the vertex of the parabola. Equation is x = constant

60. Objective Graph, determine domain, range, y intercept, x intercept

61. Parabola with vertex (h,k) Standard Form

62. Standard Form of a Quadratic Function Graph is a parabola Axis is the vertical line x = h Vertex is (h,k) a>0 graph opens upward a<0 graph opens downward

63. Find Vertex x coordinate is y coordinate is

64. Vertex of quadratic function

65. Objective: Find minimum and maximum values of functions in real life applications. 1. Graphically 2. Algebraically –Standard form –Use vertex 3. Numerically

66. Roger Maris, New York Yankees Outfielder You hit home runs not by chance but by preparation.

67. Objective: Solve Rational Equations –Check for extraneous roots –Graphically and algebraically

68. Objective Solve equations involving radicals –Solve Radical Equations Check for extraneous roots –Graphically and algebraically

69. Problem: radical equation

72. Objective: Solve Equations Quadratic in Form

73. Objective Solve equations involving Absolute Value

74. Procedure:Absolute Value equations 1.Isolate the absolute value 2. Set up two equations joined by orand so note 3. Solve both equations 4.Check solutions

75. Elbert Hubbard Positive anything is better than negative nothing.

76. Elbert Hubbard Positive anything is better than negative nothing.

77. Addition Property of Inequality Addition of a constant If a < b then a + c < b + c

78. Multiplication property of inequality If a 0, then ac > bc If a bc

79. Objective: Solve Inequalities Involving Absolute Value. Remember < uses AND Remember > uses OR and/or need to be noted

80. Objective: Estimate solutions of inequalities graphically. Two Ways –Change inequality to = and set = to 0 –Graph in 2-space –Or Use Test and Y= with appropriate window

81. Objective: Solve Polynomial Inequalities –Graphically –Algebraically –(graphical is better the larger the degree)

82. Objectives: Solve Rational Inequalities –Graphically –algebraically Solve models with inequalities

83. Zig Ziglar Positive thinking wont let you do anything but it will let you do everything better than negative thinking will.

84. Zig Ziglar Positive thinking wont let you do anything but it will let you do everything better than negative thinking will.

85. Mathematics 116 Regression Continued Explore data: Quadratic Models and Scatter Plots

86. Objectives Construct Scatter Plots –By hand –With Calculator Interpret correlation –Positive –Negative –No discernible correlation

87. Objectives: Use the calculator to determine quadratic models for data. Graph quadratic model and scatter plot Make predictions based on model

88. Napoleon Hill There are no limitations to the mind except those we acknowledge.