1. Learning Notes 8-3 (obj 10-12)

2. 1.) Operant & Classical Conditioning
a. Classical conditioning forms associations between stimuli (CS and US). Operant conditioning, on the other hand, forms an association between behaviors and the resulting events.
OBJECTIVE 10| Identify the two major characteristics that distinguish classical conditioning from operant conditioning.

3. ***Operant & Classical Conditioning
b.) Classical conditioning involves respondent behavior that occurs as an automatic response to a certain stimulus. Operant conditioning involves operant behavior, a behavior that operates on the environment, producing rewarding or punishing stimuli.

4. 2.) Operant Chambers
Using Thorndike's law of effect as a starting point, Skinner developed the Operant chamber, or the Skinner box, to study operant conditioning.
Edition by Michael P. Domjan, Used with permission
From The Essentials of Conditioning and Learning, 3rd
by Thomson Learning, Wadsworth Division
Walter Dawn/ Photo Researchers, Inc.

5. Operant Chamber
a.) The operant chamber, or Skinner box, comes with a bar or key that an animal manipulates to obtain a reinforcer like food or water. The bar or key is connected to devices that record the animal’s response.

6. 3.) Shaping
a.) Shaping is the operant conditioning procedure in which reinforcers guide behavior towards the desired target behavior through successive approximations.
OBJECTIVE 12| Describe the shaping procedure, and how it can increase our understanding of what animals and babies can discriminate.
Khamis Ramadhan/ Panapress/ Getty Images
Fred Bavendam/ Peter Arnold, Inc.
****A rat shaped to sniff mines. A manatee shaped to discriminate
objects of different shapes, colors and sizes.