1. Bell Work
Identify an Unconditioned Stimulus and the Unconditioned Response it produces.

2. Organisms relate stimulus to consequences.
Operant Conditioning

4. Thorndike Thorndike's puzzle box
Learning happens by “accident” – unsure of outcome of behavior…
Cats placed inside box
At first, unsure
After repeated exposure, learned to press lever

5. B.F. Skinner Skinner Box : Also called operant chambers
Rodents, typically
Press button to receive food

6. Reinforcement Positive Negative Something is added as a reward
Most effective way to change behavior
Negative
An undesirable stimulus is removed to reward behavior
The beeping in your car if no seatbelt

7. Primary and secondary reinforcers
Primary = biological
Food, drink, pleasure, etc.
Secondary = conditioned reinforcers
Money, happiness from doing “good”, etc.

8. Punishment Punishment, especially violence, leads to aggression
Must be immediate and consistent
Positive
Stimulus is added
Spanking
Negative
Stimulus removed
Grounded from computers/cell phone

9. Shaping
The form of the response is changed until the desired response is achieved.
Circus elephant tricks…

10. Wrap Up
How is classical conditioning different from operant conditioning?