1. Bone and Muscle Endocrine Functions: Unexpected Paradigms of Inter-organ Communication 
Gerard Karsenty, Eric N. Olson 
Cell 
Volume 164, Issue 6, Pages (March 2016)
DOI: /j.cell
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2. Figure 1 Endocrine Roles for Osteocalcin
Schematic representation of the main organs whose functions are affected by osteocalcin (pancreas and testes) and FGF23 (kidney), the two osteoblast-derived hormones. Gprc6a is the receptor for osteocalcin in pancreatic β cells and Leydig cells of the testes; FGFR1 and Klotho mediate FGF23 signal in tubular cells of the kidney.
Cell  , DOI: ( /j.cell )
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3. Figure 2 Functions of Osteocalcin in the Brain
Maternally derived osteocalcin crosses the placenta, reaches the developing brain, and favors hippocampal development. In adult animals, osteocalcin crosses the blood-brain barrier, regulates the synthesis of various neurotransmitters, prevents anxiety, and favors spatial learning and memory. The receptor for osteocalcin in the brain has not been identified yet.
Cell  , DOI: ( /j.cell )
Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. Terms and Conditions

4. Figure 3 Endocrine Signaling from Striated Muscles to Distal Tissues
Myostatin and IL-6 signal from skeletal muscle to distal tissues and also exert autocrine functions to suppress muscle growth and enhance glucose uptake, respectively. Natriuretic peptides (NPs) released from the heart regulate diverse processes in distal tissues. The Mediator subunit MED13 acts in the heart to enhance fatty acid oxidation in liver and white adipose tissue. The factor(s) that mediate(s) signaling from cardiac MED13 to distal tissues have not been identified.
Cell  , DOI: ( /j.cell )
Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. Terms and Conditions