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Regulations to Cell Cycle
External Factors (outside cell) Cell to cell contact- physical Growth factors (proteins)- chemical Ex. Platelets store growth factor that triggers growth of cells to repair wounds/stop bleeding
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Internal Factors (Inside Cell)
*External factors trigger internal factors, which affect the cell cycle. *2 main internal factors: kinases & cyclins (proteins) Examples of cell regulation: Apoptosis- Programmed cell death; “cell suicide”. (Nucleus shrinks, breaks apart, and is recognized by immune system) Ex. Child development- webbing between fingers
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webbed fingers
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Cancer- Uncontrolled cell division
Cancer- Uncontrolled cell division. *Cancer cells continue to divide even when surrounded by other cells! (disorganized clumps of cells= tumors) 2 Types of Tumors: 1)Benign- Cells remain clustered; harmless 2) Malignant- Cells break away (metastasize) and form other tumors; harmful
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bloodstream normal cell cancer cell
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Where do cancer cells come from?
Cancer cells come from normal cells that have suffered damage to genetic information Sometimes this is inherited; sometimes this comes from carcinogens (like sunlight & tobacco smoke) Why are tumors/cancer cells harmful? Cancer cells do not perform the specialized functions of normal cells. They require food and oxygen just as normal cells They exert pressure on surrounding organs
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Treatment Radiation (localized) Surgery (localized)
Chemotherapy (Drugs travel through whole body)
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