1. Bell Work How does the nervous system respond to stimuli?
What components make up the CNS?
What is the pons responsible for?

2. The Endocrine System

3. The Endocrine System
The Endocrine System is the body’s “slow” chemical communication system.

4. Hormones affect the brain and many other tissues of the body.
Hormones are chemicals synthesized by the endocrine glands that are secreted in the bloodstream.
For example, epinephrine (adrenaline) increases heart rate, blood pressure, blood sugar and feelings of excitement during emergency situations.
Hormones affect the brain and many other tissues of the body.

5. Lock and Key= each hormone is specific to a receptor
Q: If hormones are secreted into the blood, how is it possible that they only affect certain cells?
A: The target cells have receptor molecules that bind specifically to the hormone molecule to initiate a response
Q: How are endocrine glands different from exocrine glands?
A: Exocrine glands secrete their products (often enzymes) into ducts ex: salivary glands, tear and sweat glands

6. Pituitary Gland Is called the “master gland.”
The anterior pituitary lobe releases hormones that regulate other glands.
The posterior lobe regulates water and salt balance and releases other hormones
Regulates growth hormones
Pituitary- master gland- attached by a stalk to the hypothalamus in the brain- secretes hormones (tropic hormones) that control release of other hormones from other glands
Ex: adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) causes release of cortisol from kidneys involved in long-term response to stress- suppression of immune system

7. Hypothalamus Controls Pituitary
Links endocrine And nervous system Add to brain diagram
Hypothalamus is master of the pituitary gland- contains Neuroendocrine cells-neurons that synapse with neurons from brain and receive all sorts of sensory information from the brain- neuroendocrine cells secrete tropic hormones that act on pituitary gland and cause it to release its hormones- links the endocrine and nervous system

8. Thyroid & Parathyroid Glands
Regulate metabolic and calcium rate.

9. Goiter’s Disease
Goiter’s disease- deficiency in iodine, which is processed by the thyroid

10. Adrenal Glands
Adrenal glands consist of the adrenal medulla and the adrenal cortex.
The medulla secretes adrenal hormones
The adrenal cortex regulates salt and carbohydrate metabolism.
Pancreas: sugar levels
during stressful and emotional situations

11. Gonads Sex glands: regulate development
maintain reproductive organs in adults.
Ovaries- secrete estrogen. Testes- secrete testosterone
Sex glands are located in different places in men and women. They regulate bodily development and maintain reproductive organs in adults.

12. Wrap Up

13. Imagine you are an endocrinologist

14. Four patients come to you with the following conditions
Four patients come to you with the following conditions. Diagnose which gland in the endocrine system may be affected:
The patient suffers from too little calcium in the blood
The patient is an adult male and is only 4 feet and 6 inches tall
The patient has goiters
The patient is a 24 year old female without female secondary sexual characteristics