1. Bell warm up
Root words
quiz

2. YouTube - Beautiful Human Body Under Microscope
YouTube - The Life InSide a Cell

3. What is a cell?
Basic unit of life that can carry out all the functions of a living thing.
Various sizes and shapes
Organism- living thing
Unicellular
multicellular

4. Microscope Development
1665 – Robert Hooke named cell
1674 – Anton von Leeuwenhoek - looked at cells in pond water and blood and published his observations

5. Cell Theory The cell theory states that:
All living things are composed of cells
Cells are the basic unit s of structure and function in living things
New cells are produced from existing cells

6. Cells from Labs:

7. Levels of Organization
CELLS
TISSUES
ORGANS
SYSTEMS
ORGANISM

8. Levels of organization
Cells are grouped together and work as a whole to perform special functions

9. Tissue
A group of similar cells to perform a particular function
Animals : epithelial tissue, muscular tissue
Plants : vascular tissue, mesophyll

10. Organ
Different tissues group together to carry out specialized functions
Heart : consists of muscles, nervous tissue and blood vessels
Leaf : consists of epidermis, mesophyll and vascular tissue

11. The Structures of a Leaf (Plant Organ)
Chloroplast
Palisade Mesophyll Cell
Spongy Mesophyll Cell
Air Space
Stoma

12. The Structures of a Heart (Animal Organ)

13. System
Several organs and tissues work together to carry out a particular set of functions in a co-ordinated way
Human : digestive, respiratory, excretory, circulatory and reproductive systems
Plant : root and shoot systems

14. Human Body Systems
Examples of systems :
Digestive System
Respiratory System
Circulatory System
Nervous System
Reproductive System

15. Examples of a Human Body System

16. Examples of a Human Body System

17. Examples of a Human Body System
Circulatory System

18. Examples of a Human Body System
Nervous System

19. Levels of Organization
CELLS (muscle cells,nerve cells)
TISSUES (muscle, epithelium)
ORGANS (heart, lungs, stomach)
SYSTEMS (circulatory system)
ORGANISM (human)

20. Levels of Organization
CELLS - C
TISSUES- T
ORGANS -O
SYSTEMS -S
ORGANISM -O

21. It’s You!

22. Cell Specialization

23. Number of Cells Organisms may be: Unicellular – composed of one cell
Multicellular- composed of many cells that may organize

24. Types of Cells Prokaryotic cell (no nucleus)
Eukaryotic cell (has nucleus)

25. Prokaryotic Cells
Prokaryotic Cells: have genetic material that is NOT contained in a nucleus that is; they lack nucleus
Simple cell
No membrane-bound organelles
Chromosome not contained in nucleus
Small cells
Ex - bacteria

26. Prokaryotes Nucleoid region contains the DNA Cell membrane & cell wall
Contain ribosomes (no membrane) to make proteins in their cytoplasm

27. That is; they have membrane bound nucleus
Eukaryotic cells contain a nucleus in which genetic material is seperated from the rest of the cell.
That is; they have membrane bound nucleus
Complex cell
Membrane-bound organelles
Chromosomes contained in nucleus
Larger cells
Ex – all other organisms (Plants and animals)

28. Two Main Types of Eukaryotic Cells
Animal Cell
Plant Cell

29. Different kinds of plant cells
Onion Epidermal Cells
Root Hair Cell
root hair
Guard Cells

30. Different kinds of animal cells
white blood cell
red blood cell
cheek cells
sperm
nerve cell
muscle cell
Amoeba
Paramecium

31. Cell Structures, Functions and Transport

32. Animal Cell Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells Cytoplasm Nucleolus
Section 7-2
Cytoplasm
Nucleolus
Nucleus
Cell Membrane
Go to Section:

33. Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function
Nucleus
Nickname: “The Control Center”
Function: holds the DNA
Parts:
Nucleolus: dark spot in the middle of the nucleus that helps make ribosomes

34. Animal Cell Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells Cytoplasm Nucleolus
Section 7-2
Cytoplasm
Nucleolus
Ribosomes
Nucleus
Cell Membrane
Go to Section:

35. Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function
Ribosomes
Function: makes proteins
Found in all cells, prokaryotic and eukaryotic

36. Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
Nickname: “Roads”
Function: The internal delivery system of the cell

37. Animal Cell Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells Cytoplasm Nucleolus
Section 7-2
Cytoplasm
Nucleolus
Ribosomes
Nucleus
Cell Membrane
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
Go to Section:

38. Endoplasmic Reticulum
2 Types:
Rough ER:
Rough appearance because it has ribosomes
Function: helps make proteins, that’s why it has ribosomes
Smooth ER:
NO ribosomes
Function: makes fats or lipids

39. Animal Cell Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells Cytoplasm Ribosomes
Section 7-2
Cytoplasm
Ribosomes
Nucleolus
Nucleus
Cell Membrane
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
Golgi Complex
Go to Section:

40. Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function
Golgi Complex
Nickname: The shippers
Function: packages, modifies, and transports materials to different location inside/outside of the cell
Appearance: stack of pancakes

41. Animal Cell Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells Cytoplasm Nucleolus
Section 7-2
Cytoplasm
Nucleolus
Ribosomes
Nucleus
Cell Membrane
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
Golgi Bodies
Go to Section:

42. Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function
Lysosomes: circular, but bigger than ribosomes)
Nickname: “Clean-up Crews”
Function: to break down food into particles the rest of the cell can use and to destroy old cells

43. What is the function of the lysosome?
Cleans up stuff for the cell
to break down food into particles the rest of the cell can use and to destroy old cells

44. Animal Cell Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells Cytoplasm Nucleolus
Section 7-2
Cytoplasm
Nucleolus
Ribosomes
Nucleus
Cell Membrane
Mitochondria
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
Golgi Bodies

45. Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function
Mitochondria
Nickname: “The Powerhouse”
Function: Energy formation
Breaks down food to make ATP
ATP: is the major fuel for all cell activities that require energy

47. Cell membrane
Fence
Controls what goes in and out of the cell

48. What is the function of the Cell membrane?
Fence
Controls what goes in and out of the cell

49. Animal Cell Cytoplasm Nucleolus Ribosomes Nucleus Cell Membrane
Mitochondria
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
Golgi Bodies

50. Now let’s talk about structures only found in PLANT Cells!!

51. Plant Cell Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells Vacuole Cell Membrane
Section 7-2
Vacuole
Cell Membrane
Go to Section:

52. Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function
Vacuoles
Function: stores water
This is what makes lettuce crisp
When there is no water, the plant wilts

53. Plant Cell Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells Vacuole Chloroplasts
Section 7-2
Vacuole
Chloroplasts
Cell Membrane
Go to Section:

54. Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function
Chloroplasts
Function: traps energy from the sun to produce food for the plant cell
Green in color because of chlorophyll, which is a green pigment

55. Chloroplasts

56. Plant Cell Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells Vacuole Chloroplasts
Section 7-2
Vacuole
Chloroplasts
Cell Membrane
Cell Wall
Go to Section:

57. Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function
Cell Wall
Function: provides support and protection to the cell membrane
Found outside the cell membrane in plant cells

58. Plant Cell Cytoplasm Vacuole Smooth ER Ribosomes Chloroplasts
Cell Membrane
Cell Wall
Nucleolus
Golgi Bodies
Nucleus
Mitochondria
Rough ER

59. Comparing Plant and Animal Cells

60. Comparing Plant and Animal Cells
Nucleus
Nucleolus
Nuclear envelope
Mitochondria
Ribosome
Golgi complex
Lysosome
ER (SER & RER)
Cell membrane
Cell wall
Vacuole
Chloroplast
Centrioles

61. What type of cell is this?
B _____
A ______

62. What is a cell?
Basic unit of life that can carry out all the functions of a living thing.
Various sizes and shapes
Organism- living thing
Unicellular
multicellular

63. What are the functions of the parts of a cell
basic

64. Animals have cell wall? FALSE Only plants have cell wall
Remember plant cells are rectangular in shape

65. Comparing the cell to a factory or city or school, etc
Name of place
Your product
Indicate if plant cell or animal cell
Plant cell rectangular (9 parts)
Animal cell circular (6 parts)
Name, date, class period
5. Key: Names of parts and their function

68. Cells Lab
Cells lab

69. 3. Make wet mount slide of onion (add iodine)
Hypothesis: __________________________________________________________
Materials- (List materials needed here) : ____________________________________
Procedure: 1 Make wet mount slide of Elodea
2. Make wet mount slide of cheek cells 1. Add one drop of methylene blue to the middle of a clean slide. 2. use a toothpick to gently scrape the inside of your cheek 3. Gently touch the toothpick to the drop of dye on the slide.Cover.
3. Make wet mount slide of onion (add iodine)
Observation:
Elodea X
Cheek cells X
Onion X
40X
Elodea

70. What color did the Elodea appear to be? ______________________
Conclusion
What color did the Elodea appear to be? ______________________
What organelle and its content made Elodea this color? _____________
What process does this pigment allow the plant to do? _______________
Why do we need to stain some of the cells with a dye like iodine or methylene blue?
List the parts of a cell you could see in the cheek cells at 40x. _____________
Fill in:
Parts we found in all cells
Parts only found in animal cells (cheek cells)
Parts only found in plant cells (onion and elodea)

71. Cheek cells