1. Human Body Organs and Functions
Big Idea 14 (part 2)
Nervous System
Skin
Digestive System

2. Nervous System… Organs: brain, spinal cord, sense organs, and nerves
Function: controls all of your body’s activities.
Nerves from your sense organs carry information to your brain and spinal cord.
Your brain and spinal cord control how you respond to the information.
The brain is the control center of the body.
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3. Your Brain… The brain is the control center of the body:
It gets information from your senses.
It controls how you respond to the information.
It allows you to think.
It stores memories.

5. Spinal Cord… The Spinal cord is a long bundle of nerves.
It runs from your brain down your back.
It is protected by your back bones
Messages to and from your brain travel through your spinal cord.

6. Skin… Your skin is very important.
It covers and protects everything inside your body. Without skin, people's muscles, bones, and organs would be hanging out all over the place. Skin holds everything together.
It also:
protects our bodies
helps keep our bodies at just the right temperature
Structures such as hair and sensory organs are contained in the skin.
It is an excretory organ (water and waste leave your skin in perspiration).

7. What's so special about the Skin…
What’s special about the skin when compared to all other organs? It’s the largest organ in your body!

8. What does our Skin do for us?
The skin consists of: Muscles: give you “goose bumps” when you are cold. Make the hair on your skin stand up. Oil Glands: These glands produce oil. The oil keeps your skin soft. It also helps protect your skin against germs. Sweat glands: these glands release perspiration through pores to the surface of the skin. There the perspiration evaporates. This helps keep your body from overheating. Perspiration also contains wastes. Sense Organs: These organs sense pressure, pain, cold, and heat. A different kind of sense organ senses each thing. Blood Vessels: Carry oxygen and nutrients to all the cells in your skin. Blood also carries some wastes to the skin. The wastes are eliminated by perspiration.
Explain: Say: Let’s watch the video to find out about our skin. Click on the hyperlink Skin in the title. What are its functions? What’s special about our skin compared to other organs? (it’s the largest)

9. Fun Facts:What happens to skin?
Not on test!

10. Sensory Organs
Our body uses our sensory organs to recognize a change outside or inside the body called a stimulus. Special cells in the nervous system called neurons carry messages to and from the brain and spinal cord.
Sensory neurons detect a stimulus.
Then additional neurons carry the message to the spinal cord and brain.
The brain interprets the information and decides on an action.
The message is carried back to the motor neurons.
They direct the muscles to carry out a response.
All of this happens in a fraction of a second.
This is measured as reaction time.
What are the sensory organs? (eyes, nose, ears, receptors in our skin tissue)
What is the function of our sensory organs?
What is reaction time?
What does the brain do? Students can make the Brain at Work foldable to read for more information.

11. Hot receptors respond to things hotter than our skin.
Just below the outer layer of the skin we have sense organs that respond to pressure, pain, and temperature. There are two types of temperature receptors:
Hot receptors respond to things hotter than our skin.
Cold receptors respond to things colder than our skin.
They are clustered together in hot spots and cold spots.
Engage: Ask what are our sensory organs? ( eyes, nose, ears…..) Have students read the first paragraph. What do sensory organs in the skin respond to?
Explore: Say we’re going to do an investigation to look at how the sense organs located in our skin respond to temperature.

12. Your Senses… SENSE SENSE ORGAN WHAT IS DOES SIGHT HEARING SMELL TASTE
TOUCH
BALANCE
EYE
EAR
NOSE
TONGUE
SKIN
INNER EAR
DETECTS LIGHT AND COLOR
DETECTS SOUND
DETECTS ODORS
DETECTS SWEET, SALTY, SOUR, BITTER
DETECTS PRESSURE, PAIN, HEAT, COLD
DETECTS BODY POSITION
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13. Digestion…
Organs: mouth, esophagus, stomach, liver and gallbladder, pancreas, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, anus
Function: to break down the food we eat into nutrients for our body.
Breaks down food in 2 ways:
First, it grinds the food and mashes it into tiny pieces.
Then it mixes the food with digestive juices.
The digestive juices break the food down into nutrients

14. Where does digestion begin? In the mouth! How does food travel?
Esophagus
Stomach
Duodenum
Small intestine
Large intestine
Rectum
Anus (out goes the waste)
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15. Upper Digestive System Small Intestine
Let’s watch some videos to take a closer look at the roles of the stomach, intestines, liver and pancreas organs:
Upper Digestive System
Small Intestine
Pancreas, Liver, and Large Intestine
What is the role of each?
Explain: Click on each of the Discovery Education bulleted hyperlinked videos :
Upper Digestive System
Small Intestine
Pancreas, Liver, and Large Intestine
Click on hyperlink for A Day in Your Digestive System.

16. Mouth:
Teeth grind up food into smaller pieces
Tongue moves the pieces and mixes with saliva.
Saliva contains a digestive juice that starts breaking down some materials in the food
Esophagus:
You swallow and food travels through your esophagus.
Stomach:
Muscles in your stomach churn the food and mix it with more digestive juices.
The partly digested food moves from your stomach to your small intestine.

17. Makes a digestive juice called bile.
Liver:
Makes a digestive juice called bile.
The bile is stored in the gallbladder.
Bile passes through a tube into the small intestine.
Pancreas:
A long flat gland that sits behind the stomach.
Produces enzymes that are important for digestion.
Insulin and glucagon help control the level of glucose ( a type of sugar) in the blood.
Makes other kinds of digestive juices.
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18. Small Intestine Large intestine
The organ where most of digestion occurs.
Here digestive juices from the liver and pancreas finish digesting the food.
Nutrients from the digested food move into your blood.
Undigested materials move into your large intestine.
The organ that takes in water from food and helps get rid of waste.
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19. Excretory System… As your cells function, they produce waste.
The function of the excretory system is to move these wastes out of your body.
The parts of the excretory system that do this job include:
Urinary system
Skin
lungs
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20. Urinary System You drink, you pee.
But urine is more than just that drink you had a few hours ago.
The body produces pee as a way to get rid of waste and extra water that it doesn't need.
Before leaving your body, urine travels through the urinary tract.
Organs include:
Kidneys (2)
Ureters
Bladder
Urethra
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21. Organs…Functions Ureters:
Two tubes that carry urine from your kidneys to your bladder.
Bladder:
A muscular sac.
Collects and stores urine until you release it.
Kidneys: A pair of bean-shaped organs that filter wastes from the blood As blood passes through your kidneys, capillaries remove these wastes. Wastes combined with water forms urine.
The excretory system and the digestive system get rid of different kinds of waste.
E.S. gets rid of waste your cells produce.
D.S gets rid of solid waste that are left over when you digest food
Urethra:
Urine leaves your body through the urethra

22. Review Human Body Anticipation Guide
Before
True or False
After
1. Your skeleton gives your body support and structure.
2. Your liver makes bile to help break down food.
3. Muscles cover your bones but work separately to help you move.
4. Kidneys are a pair of filters that clean the blood.
5. Your heart pumps blood through vessels to some parts of the body.
6. The large intestine absorbs water from digested food and eliminates solid waste.
7. Your lungs can not hold a lot of air.
8. Your brain is your body’s control center.
9. The skin has pores so sweat can not escape the body. It is filled with sensory organs.
10. The pancreas produces digestive fluids and releases them into the small intestine.
Have students retake the Anticipation Guide. Correct and compare to the before assessment responses.

23. Evaluate Word Bank brain heart lungs muscles pancreas sensory organs
1. Your _________________ tells your body what to do.
2. ________________ work with your bones to help you move.
3. Your ______________ pumps blood throughout your body.
________________ react to a stimulus such as temperature.
5. ________________ produces enzymes necessary for digestion.
Evaluate: Students can do the Evaluate quiz.
Department of Mathematics and Science

24. Florida Achieves: SC.5.L.14.1 What is the purpose of the pancreas?
mixing blood and oxygen
removing excess fluids from the body
storing large quantities of blood, minerals and vitamins
helping with digestion by secreting enzymes to process sugars
Department of Mathematics and Science

25. Florida Achieves: SC.5.L.14.1
2. What is the purpose of the small intestine in the human body?
combines oxygen and blood
stores urine for later removal
removes water from waste matter
digests and absorbs nutrients from food
Department of Mathematics and Science

26. Florida Achieves: SC.5.L.14.1
3. Which answer best describes the purpose of the muscles in the human body?
to protect tissues and form blood
to remove and use nutrients from food
to produce movement and provide support
to combine blood and oxygen needed for movement
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27. Florida Achieves: SC.5.L.14.1
4) Which part of the body protects organs, provides support, and forms blood cells?
the brain
the heart
the liver
the skeleton
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28.
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