1. Cellular Respiration

2. To grow, function, and reproduce, cells must:
A. Create new cellular components such as cell walls, cell membranes, nucleic acids, ribosomes, proteins, etc…
B. Collect energy and convert it into a form that is usable to do cellular work.

3. Cellular respiration is the process by which organisms obtain energy from food.
A. Glucose is the most common source of energy
1. It comes from the breakdown of complex carbohydrates
B. Making a bond stores energy (dehydration synthesis)

4. Energy corresponds to the electrons shared in a bond.
Organic molecules store energy
in shared electrons with CARBON. H
H C H
Energy stored

5. C C. Breaking a bond releases energy (hydrolysis) H H+ H H - -
Bond breaks H is released
along with an electron=
energy

6. D. The breakdown of food/glucose releases electrons that are used to form chemical energy in the form of ATP
1. Adenosine triphosphate is a high energy molecule (ATP)
2. Adenosine diphosphate is a low energy molecule (ADP) Phosphorylation is the transfer of energy caused by the addition of a phosphate molecule

7. ADP + P = ATP ( high energy)
Adenosine P P P + =
(ADP)
Adenosine P P P
High energy
(ATP)

8. Cellular respiration begins in the
cytoplasm of the cell and is
completed in the mitochondria.

9. Mitochondria are present in living
organisms; all cells plant and animal.

10. Mitochondria are “power houses” of
the cell. ATP is formed here. ATP
is used for all cellular processes.
Energy is formed here and waste
products produced from respiration are
excreted.

11. The Energy Cycle in the Cell
C6H12O6
Low Energy
High Energy
Phosphorylation

12. Types of Cellular Respiration
A. Anaerobic respiration is respiration without oxygen
1. Results in little energy produced (2 ATP)
2. Takes place in the
cytoplasm only
3. Organisms that use anaerobic respiration are yeast & bacteria

13. yeast are used to produce
CO2 to make bread rise
b. Yeast also makes alcohol

14. 4. The equation for anaerobic respiration is:

15. 5. Lactic acid is produced in. animal muscle cells when
5. Lactic acid is produced in animal muscle cells when there is not enough oxygen present. This causes muscle cramps.

16. B. Aerobic respiration is
respiration with oxygen
1. Results in maximum
energy produced (36
ATP)
2. Takes place in the cytoplasm and
mitochondria
3. Most organisms use
aerobic respiration

17. C6H12O6 + 6O2 4. The equation for aerobic respiration is:
Glucose Oxygen
6CO H2O ATP
Carbon Dioxide Water energy

18. This reaction is actually the summary of
many reactions. We will investigate the
main reactions/steps of Aerobic
respiration. These 4 steps summarize
the electron movement from glucose to
ATP and the waste products formed
(C02 and H2O)

19. Step 1: Glycolysis Glucose is broken down into two
molecules of Pyruvate.
2 Pyruvates
6C 8H 6O
glucose
Two electrons
released
6C 12H 6O

20. Step 2 Pyruvate Conversion The 2 Pyruvates are converted to
acetyl groups which combine with
a protein to form 2 Acetyl CoA
acetyl
acetyl
2 AcetylCoA
Release of 2 CO 2 and 2 Electrons

21. Step 3 Kreb’s Cycle The AcetylCoAs combines with an
Organic molecule, OX.A to form Citric
acid.
Citric acid is converted to more OX.A
that combines with more acetylCoA
and the cycle continues.

22. OX.A Citric Acid Kreb’s Cycle AcetylCoA Release of electrons
Total, 4 CO2
Citric Acid

23. Electron Transport Chain
Step 4
Electron Transport Chain
The electrons released during the
breakdown of the molecules(pyruvate,
citric acid and OX.A) are carried to the
cristae of the mitochondria and
transported through several proteins.
The electrons finally combine with
Oxygen to make water and initiate
phosphorylation of ADP to form ATP.

24. Cristae
Protein
carrier
Protein
carrier
ATPase
Electron
carrier
electrons
Oxygen
(Water)
Matrix
Phosphorylation of ADP

25. The Ultimate goal of the
mitochondria is to …
…form ATP

26. V. Comparing Anaerobic and Aerobic Respiration
Reaction
Oxygen needed? Yes or No
Location in the cell
Reactants (starting materials)
ATP
formed
products
Lactic acid
Alcohol
CO2
H2O
Anaerobic Respiration No
Cytoplasm
C6H12O6 2
CO2
H20
Aerobic Respiration
Yes
Cytoplasm and Mitochondria
C6H12O6 36

27. Testing for Cellular Respiration
In the lab, it is easy to test for the presence of cellular respiration. Cells give off water and CO2 as waste. This can be measured to quantify the rate of respiration. Amount of water may be difficult if testing cells in a water solution. It is easy to test for CO2.

28. Count bubbles to correspond to
respiration rate.
Yeast solution

29. What can be tested? Water at different temps
Different food sources for the
yeast

30. HW: separate sheet of paper
Write a paragraph discussing the similarities and differences between aerobic and anaerobic respiration.