1. Viral Safeguard: The Enteric Virome Protects against Gut Inflammation
Stephanie M. Karst 
Immunity 
Volume 44, Issue 4, Pages (April 2016)
DOI: /j.immuni
Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. Terms and Conditions

2. Figure 1
A Model to Explain the Protective Role of the Enteric Virome in Preventing Pathologic Intestinal Inflammation
In this issue of Immunity, Yang et al. provide data supporting a model whereby the viral component of the intestinal microbiota, composed of a diverse and highly abundant set of prokaryotic and eukaryotic viruses, provides protection from gut inflammation. Key observations supporting this concept are that (1) viral depletion using a novel antiviral cocktail approach resulted in enhanced severity of DSS-induced inflammation; (2) administration of either agonists of the viral pattern recognition receptors TLR3 and TLR7 or inactivated rotavirus suppressed DSS-induced inflammation; and (3) genetic deficiency in TLR3 and TLR7 increased the severity of DSS-induced inflammation in mice as well as the severity of IBD in people. They further demonstrate that DSS-primed plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDC) failed to produce IFN-β in the absence of TLR3 and TLR7, providing possible mechanistic insight into the protective role of the virome.
Immunity  , DOI: ( /j.immuni )
Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. Terms and Conditions