1. In vivo and in vitro study of radio-frequency application with a new long linear probe 
Eimei Shimoike, MDa, Yoshikazu Kaji, MDa, Norihiro Ueda, MDa, Toru Maruyama, MDa, Shozo Kanaya, MDb, Yoshiyuki Niho, MDa 
The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery 
Volume 120, Issue 1, Pages (July 2000)
DOI: /mtc
Copyright © 2000 American Association for Thoracic Surgery Terms and Conditions

2. Fig. 1
The stainless-steel linear ablation probe. The tissue-contact part of the probe is approximately 25 mm in length.
The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery  , DOI: ( /mtc )
Copyright © 2000 American Association for Thoracic Surgery Terms and Conditions

3. Fig. 2
Schematic illustration of the in vitro experimental study. RF energy was delivered between the probe tip and an adhesive electrode patch attached to the back of the specimen.
The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery  , DOI: ( /mtc )
Copyright © 2000 American Association for Thoracic Surgery Terms and Conditions

4. Fig. 3
A, Representative photograph of the epicardial surface of the created lesions. This lesion was created at the trabeculated RA with 30 W of delivered energy, 30 mL/min of flush flow, and an RF energy delivery duration of 30 seconds. The lesion was well demarcated from the surrounding tissue, and the edges of the lesion were well ablated compared with the central portion of the probe. Vaporized craters and ruptures of the myocardial surface were not observed. B, Endocardial surface photograph of the above lesion. The lesion was well demarcated from the surrounding tissue. Arrowheads indicate the margin of the created lesion.
The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery  , DOI: ( /mtc )
Copyright © 2000 American Association for Thoracic Surgery Terms and Conditions

5. Fig. 4
Histologic examination of the trabeculated portion of the RA in the in vivo canine experiment of linear probe ablation. A, The short axis histologic section at the central portion of the lesion shows a line of demarcation between the damaged area and the intact area (arrowheads ; Azan stain). B, Higher magnification of the lesion shows coagulation and pycnosis of the myocardial cells (hematoxylin and eosin stain). C, This photomicrograph shows interstitial edema and interstitial hemorrhage (hematoxylin and eosin stain). Epi, Epicardium of the RA; End, endocardium of the RA.
The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery  , DOI: ( /mtc )
Copyright © 2000 American Association for Thoracic Surgery Terms and Conditions

6. Fig. 5
Electrophysiologic study conducted after circumferential ablation around the right atrial appendage (RAA). Paced electrical activity in the right atrial appendage was dissociated from spontaneous activity in the rest of the atrium, indicating the electrophysiologic isolation of the right atrial appendage (simultaneous recordings from surface lead II, right atrial appendage, high right atrium [HRA], and middle right atrium [MRA] electrograms).
The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery  , DOI: ( /mtc )
Copyright © 2000 American Association for Thoracic Surgery Terms and Conditions