1. Land for Sale Napoleon & the Louisiana Purchase
Presentation created by Robert Martinez
Primary Source Content: America’s History
Images as cited.
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2. In 1799, Napoleon Bonaparte seized power in France and began a campaign to build a French empire in Europe and in America.

3. In 1801, Spain signed a secret treaty that returned Louisiana to France.

4. A year later, he directed Spanish officials in Louisiana to restrict American access to New Orleans, violating the terms of Pinckney's Treaty.
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5. Meanwhile, Napoleon planned an invasion to restore French rule in Haiti a rich sugar island seized in 1793 by rebellious black slaves led by Toussaint L’Ouverture.
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6. Napoleon’s aggression prompted Jefferson to question his party’s pro-French foreign policy.
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7. He instructed, Robert Livingston, the American minister in Paris to negotiate the purchase of New Orleans.
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8. By 1802, the French invasion of Haiti was faltering in the face of disease and determined black resistance, a new war threatened in Europe, and Napoleon feared an American invasion of Louisiana.
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9. Acting with characteristic decisiveness, the French ruler offered to sell not only New Orleans but the entire territory of Louisiana for $15 million dollars.

10. The Louisiana Purchase forced the president to reconsider his strict interpretation of the Constitution.
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11. Jefferson had always maintained that the national government possessed only the powers “expressly” given to it in the Constitution, but there was no constitutional provision for adding new territory.

12. In this case, Jefferson accepted a loose interpretation of the Constitution.
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13. In 1804, he sent his personal secretary, Meriwether Lewis, to explore the region with William Clark, an army officer.
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14. With the help of Indian guides, Lewis and Clark and their party of American soldiers and frontiersmen traveled up the Missouri river, across the Rocky Mountains, and, venturing beyond the bounds of the Louisiana Purchase, down the Columbia River to the Pacific Ocean.

15. After two years, they returned with the first maps of the immense wilderness and vivid accounts of its natural resources and inhabitants.