1. Chapter 7
Communication

2. What Is Communication? Communication is the exchange of messages.
Messages can be
-verbal (spoken, written)
- nonverbal messages (gestures, expressions
body language, symbols)

3. Page 162 Figure 7-1
For communication to take place there must be both a sender and a receiver.

4. One-way communication
Sender transmits a message, the receiver gets it and the message is complete.
What are some examples of one way communication.
Texting
Instant messaging
blogging
ing
Snail mail
Leaving a message
Speakers at a podium
Web-seminars
ONE-WAY – often transmits orders, lectures – you are the listener with not chance to respond

5. One-way communication
Texting
Instant messaging
Blogging
ing
Speakers at a podium
Web-seminars
Looking at a catalog
Teacher telling you to write down an assignment and you leave the class.

6. Two-way communication
Sender transmits a message, receiver gets it and responds with another message.
What are some examples of
two-way communication?
Telephone conversations
Chatting
Instant messaging
You can respond

7. Two-way communication
Telephone conversations
Chatting
Instant messaging
Texting
ing

8. Nonverbal communication
“It is not what you say but how you say it!”

9. Nonverbal communication
Give examples …
Facial expressions
Eye contact
Body language
Voice qualities

10. Nonverbal Communication
Facial expressions
-smiling/ frowning, raising eyebrows communicate feelings
Eye contact means different things in different cultures.
In the U.S. eye contact is expected.
In some cultures it is a sign of respect to avoid it.

11. Nonverbal Communication
Body language: shrugging, nodding, gesturing with hands, shifting weight.
Each culture has its own unwritten rules about body language and personal space.

12. Nonverbal Communication
Voice qualities such as:
- loudness
- high or low pitch
- fast or slow (speed)
can convey interest, emotions, and mental state.
can convey if someone is bored, interested, tired, or happy

13. Barriers to Communication
Physical Barriers
Mental Barriers
Emotional Barriers
Lack of rapport
Physical Barriers – Noisy room, loads of activity, hearing is difficult
Mental Barriers – People focus on what interest them, criticism, performance evaluation, eyes glass over

14. Barriers to Communication
Physical barriers. Excessive background noise or activity, bodily discomfort, hearing loss
Mental barriers. Assumptions, selective attention, unfamiliar or “loaded” words.
Emotional barriers. Stress, fear, anger, prejudice, shyness.
Even feelings of love and happiness can impede communication.

15. Physical Barriers Sitting or standing in an awkward position
Boss & subordinate
Hearing loss
Concerts, cell phones go out
Noisy rooms
Concerts

16. Mental Barriers
We pay attention to positive matters and ignore negative matters
Criticism
Someone talking down or yells

17. Emotional Barriers Worried about something else Prejudice
Shyness, withdrawn or too quite
Lack of confidence

18. Lack of Rapport They are not on the same “Wavelength” No chemistry
Out of sync

19. Thinker Achiever Seller Relater
Communication Styles
Thinker
Achiever
Seller
Relater

20. Two Dimensions of Communication Style
Responsiveness. The degree to which a person is closed or open in his or her dealings with others.
Assertiveness. Ranges from a tendency to ask questions to a tendency to tell others what’s expected.

21. Merrill-Reid Model page 171 of Communication Styles

22. The Thinker Quiet, level tone of voice Leans back or away
Limited eye contact
Stiff posture
Uses big words
Guarded
Self-control
Deflect questions from themselves
Auguste Rodin

23. The Achiever Factual speech Leans forward and faces others
Limited facial expressions
Limited body movements
Fast-paced speech
Express expectations clearly
Guarded about revealing inner selves

24. The Relater Little emphasis on detail Touches others Smiles, nods
Casual posture
Talks about relationships
Warm/friendly in their interactions

25. Seller Dramatic or loud tone of voice Animated facial expression
Direct eye contact
Lots of body and hand movement
Uses voice to emphasize points
Outgoing
Warm

26. Effective Communication
Why do we need to have effective communication?

27. If you improve the quality of your communication with others,
you will improve your
relationships with them.
And you will improve the quality of
Your life!
How so?

28. Overcoming shyness What can you do?
Arrive early to a gathering or class
Think about the people who will be there and why they might be like
Start a conversation, small talk – the weather, dress, the host
Support others topics
You simply need to be responsive to others
Arrive early to a gathering or class
Think about the people who will be there and why they might be like
Start a conversation, small talk – the weather, dress, the host
Support others topics
You simply need to be responsive to others

29. In Class Activity (5 points)
Complete the communication style handout.
Describe your family’s use of nonverbal communication. What facial expressions, eye contact, and body language are used to communicate in your home?
3. Which of the barriers to communication poses the greatest problem for you (physical, mental, emotional)?
4. How can you overcome these barriers?
Write your name on the paper and turn it in.