1. 03/05/2019
Fit and Healthy

2. Words – energy, movement, oxygen, glucose, circulatory
Body systems
03/05/2019
The RESPIRATORY SYSTEM: takes in _____
The ___________ SYSTEM: transports oxygen and glucose around the body
The SKELETAL and MUSCULAR systems: use the _____ from glucose to allow ________
The DIGESTIVE SYSTEM: takes in ________
Words – energy, movement, oxygen, glucose, circulatory

3. Balanced diet
03/05/2019
A balanced diet should contain fats, proteins and carbohydrates in roughly these amounts:
It should also contain water, vitamins, minerals and fibre.

4. Poor diets
03/05/2019
If we don’t have a balanced diet we may suffer form a “deficiency symptom”:
Lack of…
Causes…
Vitamin D
Protein
Vitamin C
Vitamin A
Iron
Calcium
Anaemia
Scurvy (bleeding gums and joints)
Weak bones and teeth
Wasting of body tissue
Rickets
Poor night vision

5. Muscles and the skeleton
03/05/2019
Muscles are said to work in “antagonistic pairs”. This is because they oppose each other’s movement:
The skeleton does 3 jobs:
It gives the body SHAPE
It allows the body to MOVE
It PROTECTS the major organs

6. Joints An “immovable” joint “Hinge” joints A “ball and socket” joint
03/05/2019
“Hinge” joints
An “immovable” joint
A “slightly” movable joint”
A “ball and socket” joint

7. A typical joint – the knee
03/05/2019
Ligaments – hold the joint together
Synovial fluid – an oily substance that reduces friction
Cartilage – stops the bones from rubbing against each other

8. The Respiratory System
03/05/2019
Trachea – has stiff rings of cartilage to prevent it collapsing
Bronchi
Bronchioles
Rib muscles – to raise and lower the ribs
Ribs – to protect the chest
Lung
Alveoli (“air sacs”) – gas exchange takes place here
Diaphragm – muscular sheet

9. Gas exchange Alveoli are very good at exchanging gases because…
03/05/2019
Alveoli are very good at exchanging gases because…
They have a LARGE surface area
They have a good blood supply
They are moist

10. Smoking Cigarettes contain 3 harmful things:
03/05/2019
Cigarettes contain 3 harmful things:
NICOTINE, which is an ___________ drug that raises the heart beat, narrows the arteries and so causes ____ _____ _____. This leads to heart _________.
TAR, which coats the lining of the _______ making them less able to take in oxygen. It also contains carcinogens which cause ______________.
CARBON MONOXIDE, which is a _______ ____ which joins up with ____ blood cells making them incapable of transporting _____________ around the body.
Words – high blood pressure, oxygen, red, addictive, disease, poisonous gas, lungs, cancer

11. Damaging the alveoli (emphysema)
03/05/2019
Before smoking
After smoking – less surface area

12. The effect of drugs Brain damage Personality change Liver damage
03/05/2019
Brain damage
Personality change
Liver damage
Alcohol
Solvents
Hallucinations
Bad judgement
Addiction
Organ damage