1. The Geosphere
- Lesson 5

2. Lesson 5

3. What is an earthquake?
a) Movement in the tectonic plates c) A good excuse to call in the Avengers
b) An attack of the “Decepticons” d) A shift in the inner core of the Earth

4. What is an earthquake?
a) Movement in the tectonic plates

5. Earthquakes
The upper part of the Earth’s crust is pretty breakable. When it is under “stress” from movements below it can break; this is an earthquake.

6. Has anyone experienced And earthquake first hand?

7. Does anyone know where earthquakes occur??
Use the for YES
Or the for NO

8. Where? Use the tools to write on the board and tell us.
Keep in mind I’m able to see who writes everything .
You can select your color.

9. Earthquakes
Earthquakes happen along boundaries (usually transform boundaries).

10. Transform boundaries:
A fault.

11. Transform boundaries:
What type of movement do the plates have at a transform boundary? Type in the chat box and tell me.

12. Transform boundaries:
A fault.
When the plates move horizontally (one moves one way the other moves the opposite).

13. Earthquakes
Earthquakes happen along boundaries (usually transform boundaries). When the rock breaks energy is released, this is called seismic energy or waves.

14. No dude… not this type of wave but a wave of energy…
Yeah man… this type of wave.

15. Earthquakes
When the rock breaks energy is released, this is called seismic energy or waves.
“A seismic wave is any ground movement that results from energy released during an earthquake. The point in the Earth’s crust where the rock ruptures is the focus. The point on Earth’s surface directly above the focus is the epicenter.“
In our lab today we will be looking for the location of the “epicenter” using the data we’re given.

16. Two main types of waves:
1.) Body waves
2.) Surface waves

17. Two types of body waves:
P waves
S waves

18. Grab something to take a FEW notes on!
Notes alert!
Grab something to take a FEW notes on!

19. Body waves: P-wave
What does the “P” stand for?
Any ideas?

20. Body waves: P-wave
They are called: Primary waves or compression waves

21. Body waves: P-wave What layer is liquid?
They are called: Primary waves or compression waves
Travel through the solid and liquid parts of Earth
What layer is liquid?

22. Body waves: P-wave They are called: Primary waves or compression waves
Travel through the solid and liquid parts of Earth
Fastest earthquake waves
Always the first waves to appear on a seismogram

23. Body waves: P-wave They are called: Primary waves or compression waves
Travel through the solid and liquid parts of Earth
Fastest earthquake waves
Always the first waves to appear on a seismogram
Cause ground to move horizontally back and forth through compression.

24. Body waves: s-wave
What does the “S” stand for??
Thoughts?

25. Body waves: s-wave
These are called: Secondary waves or shear waves

26. Can you name the solid layers?
Body waves: s-wave
These are called: Secondary waves or shear waves
Can travel through Earth’s solid portions only
Can you name the solid layers?

27. Body waves: s-wave These are called: Secondary waves or shear waves
Can travel through Earth’s solid portions only
When they hit the liquid outer core, S-waves are no longer able to be detected.
S-waves are absorbed at the core.

28. Body waves: s-wave These are called: Secondary waves or shear waves
Can travel through Earth’s solid portions only
When they hit the liquid outer core, S-waves are no longer able to be detected.
S-waves are absorbed at the core.
Cause ground to move back and forth in an S-shaped pattern

30. Just in case you were wondering… Surface waves:
When the “P” and “S” waves make it to the surface of the Earth they are transformed into: Surface Waves
And then called:
R-waves (Rayleigh waves)
Cause lots of damage to the surface of the Earth, especially to buildings
Have a rolling motion, like the waves of the ocean
L-waves (Love waves)
Have a side-to-side motion similar to the movement of a snake

31. Lets do this!

32. Go to the lab

33. Follow step 1 and 2

34. Let’s do this!!!

35. When you are done viewing the “introduction” come back to this view and click on the

36. Lets write our
hypothesis

37. Use the lab sheet
Write in your hypothesis. How can we use the seismic waves to find the epicenter (the point on the surface of the Earth where the earthquake started)?

38. When you are done writing your hypothesis come back to this view and click on the

39. How to read your seismogram:

41. Pick your seismograph
and we will go through
this together.

43. Press on: <Ctrl> and <PrtSc>
to take a “screen shot”

44. Use the lab sheet
Paste your screen shot HERE!

45. Lets find the epicenter

46. Now we need to plot this data…

47. Press on: <Ctrl> and <PrtSc>
to take a “screen shot”

48. Make sure you finish the questions

49. Don’t forget to turn it in

50. Submit your work!