1. 1960 – TEFL/TESL – ESP
English for Academic Purposes (EAP)
Material, course description, research
English for Occupational Purposes (EOP)
English for Business Purposes (EBP)

2. Knowledge of situation
Motivation and learning style familiarity
Language for Specific Purposes (LSP)
Emphasis on vocabulary

3. ESP’s definitions
Hutchinson and Waters (1987) – “approach” rather then a “product”
Any particular kind of language, teaching material, methodology
“Why does this learner need to learn a foreign language?”
Primary needs – Required language/learning context

4. Absolute characteristics (Streven, 1988)
designed to meet specified needs of the learner
related in content
centered on language appropriate
different then “GA”

5. Variable characteristics
may be restricted as to the learning skills to be learned
may not be taught according to any pre-ordained methodology

6. Robinson (1991) – “normally goal-directed”, need analysis
What students have to do using the English language?
Time-limited and taught to adults (homogenous)