1. Sentences
5th Grade Grammar
Unit 1

2. 5 Rules of a sentence
Subject
Verb
Makes sense
Capital letter
End mark

3. Fragment An incomplete sentence missing its subject
missing its predicate
phrase
dependent clause
My mom
Ran to the store
Before work
Before she went to work

4. Sentence or Fragment? The children from the neighborhood.
When it was time to eat.
My best friend spent the night.
The book I borrowed from the library.
Sam and David are going skiing tomorrow.
Toad jumped.
Rebecca ran.

5. Subject The noun or pronoun that the sentence is about.
Read the sentence and ask, “Who or what is this sentence about?”
My favorite teacher works hard on her lesson plans.

6. Predicate Always contains the verb Tells what the subject does or is
Can be action (doing) or linking (being)
Tells what the subject does or is
Find the subject first
Then ask, “What is being said about the subject?”
My dog jumped over the fence.

7. Find the subject & predicate
We learned about the three branches of government.
The legislative branch makes the laws.
The executive branch carries out the laws.
The judicial branch interprets the laws.
The Constitution created them.

8. Phrases Phrases: a group of words without a subject and predicate
in the pool
before work
with red, curly hair
later today

9. Clauses Have subjects and predicates
Independent Clauses: can stand alone as a sentence; is a complete thought
Dependent Clauses: cannot stand alone; begins with an introductory that connects it to the rest of the sentence

10. Independent or Dependent
I heard about that
Until I heard about that
My dad did the laundry
Before my dad did the laundry
You told me
Before you told me

11. Types of Sentences Simple= 1 independent clause
Compound= At least 2 independent clauses joined by a comma and conjunction
Complex= At least 1 independent clause and 1 dependent clause

12. Simple Sentences I love my brother. My aunt lives in Seattle.
The neighbors are on vacation.
The girls and boys are tired.
The children run and play.

13. Compound Sentences At least 2 independent clauses joined with a comma & a coordinating conjunction: FANBOYS (For, And, Nor, But, Or, Yet, So)
I love my brother, but he aggravates me a lot.
My sister has an instagram, and she posts lots of pictures.
The baby needs a nap, or he will be ill.

14. Complex Sentences At least 1 independent & 1 dependent clause (with subordinating conjunction or introductory)
I like pancakes if they have chocolate chips.
Before you told me, I had no idea.
My mom will kill me once she sees my grade.
We will go to the movies after I finish my chores.

15. (some) Subordinating Conjunctions
After Although As As if As long as
Because Before Even if Even though
If Once Provided Since So that
That Though Till
Unless Until
What When Whenever
Wherever Whether While

16. A subordinating conjunction can appear at the beginning or in the middle of a sentence.
EXAMPLES:
After the movie started, more people came in. (Notice the comma separating the clauses)
More people came in after the movie started.
A subordinating conjunction causes the clause that it appears in to become dependent. In other words, it will be a sentence fragment unless it is joined to an independent clause.

17. Make them complex:
1. I will help the man. He deserves it. 2. Mary came up. We were talking about her. 3. I admire Mr. Brown. He is my enemy. 4. I came. You sent for me. 5. Evelyn will come to school. She is able. 6. He knows he is wrong. He will not admit it. 7. The man is rich. He is unhappy. 8. The Mexican War came on. Polk was President. 9. I shall come tomorrow. You send for me. 10. You wish to be believed. You must tell the truth. 11. The dog bites. He ought to be muzzled. 12. It would be foolish to set out. It is raining. 13. Call me at my office. You happen to be in town. 14. The cat ran up a tree. She was chased by a dog. 15. The sun shines brightly. It is very cold. 16. Boston became a large city. It has a good harbor.

18. Run-on Sentences Two or more sentences joined incorrectly
Can be corrected by:
Making separate sentences
Making a compound sentence

19. My science class went on a nature hike my teacher lead the way.
My science class went on a nature walk. My teacher lead the way.
My science class went on a nature hike, and my teacher lead the way.

20. Try it! Ciara found one wild flower Marcus found three.
Butterflies pollinate some plants this helps the plant to reproduce.
Krista sneezed loudly the butterfly flew away.

21. Important Words: Sentence Subject Predicate Verb Fragment Phrase
Clause
Independent
Dependent
Simple
Compound
Coordinating
Conjunction
(FANBOYS)
Subordinating
(introductory)
Complex
Run-on