1. The Reformation Continues…
Chapter 1
Section 4

2. Calvinism
Calvinism:
Based on teachings of John Calvin, French follower of Luther.
Unique ideas on relationship between people and God.
Belief in Predestination- certain people were “chosen” by God to go to heaven.

3. Zwingli Huldrych Zwingli began reformation in Switzerland.
Attacked Catholic Church, called for return of personal faith & more control of Church.

4. Calvin Leads the Reformation in Switzerland
Calvin’s ideal government – theocracy
Government controlled by religious leaders

5. Calvinism Spreads Scotland - John Knox drew on Calvin’s ideas.
Created Presbyterian Church
Made Calvinism Scotland’s official religion.
Swiss, Dutch & French adopted Calvinism.
France – followers = Huguenots
Great violence between Huguenots & Catholics
Massacres ~ 12,000 Huguenots killed

6. Anabaptists “baptize again”
Only baptized once old enough to decide to be a Christian.
If someone was baptized as a child, then they were re-baptized as an adult.

7. The Catholic Reformation
Movement to help Catholics remain loyal.
Ignatius of Loyola – Gathered followers.
Pope created a religious order known as the Society of Jesus.
Members – Jesuits
Three activities: founding schools, convert Christians to Catholics & stop the spread of Protestantism.

8. Reforming Popes
Catholics agreed on several doctrines at the Council of Trent:
Church’s interpretation of Bible was final.
Christians also needed good works for salvation, not faith alone.
Bible and Church were equally powerful.
Indulgences were valid expressions of faith. But false selling was banned.
List of Forbidden Books – considered dangerous to Catholic faith, ex. Protestant Bible

9. The Spanish Inquisition
Spain was a devoutly catholic country, that was intolerant towards other faiths.
The crown established the inquisition to deter others from going against the church.
Known for its torture and horror techniques.

10. Religious and Social Effects of the Reformation
Protestant churches flourished.
Catholics became more unified.
Both focused on education in promoting beliefs.

11. Political Effects of the Reformation
Individual monarchs & states gained power due to declination of Church authority.
Questioning of beliefs & authorities laid groundwork for the Enlightenment (intellectual movement).