1. RA High School He Xinyang
Summary Writing
RA High School
He Xinyang

2. when writing a summary…
（1）对原文要点的理解和呈现情况；
（2）应用语法结构和词汇的准确性；
（3）上下文的连续性；
（4）对各要点表达的独立性情况。
to get the key points
(3) to make your summary coherent(连贯）
(4) to express the points in your own way

3. Reading Is there a topic sentence in each para?
What’s the topic of the passage?

4. Para.2: Most…. Meanwhile,…
________of air pollution in schools
Sources
Tip1: Pay attention to the words which indicate logical relation like therefore, meanwhile….

5. Structure topic:_________________________
indoor air pollution in schools
Para.1
Para.2
Para.3
Para.4
problem sources result solution
Tip2: To clarify the structure of the passage is a vital step before summary writing

6. Para1: Therefore, an awareness of possible indoor air quality problems is important for teachers and students alike.
It is of much _________ for teachers and students to ___________ possible indoor air quality problems.
importance
be aware of
Tip3: Changing the part of speech is a useful way to express in your own words.

7. Para.2: Most indoor air pollution in schools comes from sources inside the school building. For example, photocopiers, manufactured wood products like desks and chairs, and carpeting cleaning products and pesticides may all emit harmful elements into the air. Other pollutants may also accumulate in specific areas such as laboratories and toilets. Meanwhile, outdoor air that enters a school building through windows and other openings can also bring vehicle exhausts into the classrooms. Outdated ventilation(通风) systems in some older schools increase the risks of indoor air quality problems.

8. Tip4: Leave out the minor details like examples.
Para.2: Most indoor air pollution in schools comes from sources inside the school building. For example, photocopiers, manufactured wood products like desks and chairs, and carpeting cleaning products and pesticides may all emit harmful elements into the air. Other pollutants may also accumulate in specific areas such as laboratories and toilets. Meanwhile, outdoor air that enters a school building through windows and other openings can also bring vehicle exhausts into the classrooms. Outdated ventilation(通风) systems in some older schools increase the risks of indoor air quality problems.
Tip4: Leave out the minor details like examples.

9. Most indoor air pollution in schools comes from sources inside the school building. Meanwhile, outdoor air that enters a school building through windows and other openings can also bring vehicle exhausts into the classrooms. Outdated ventilation(通风) systems in some older schools increase the risks of indoor air quality problems.
Q: How many sources of air pollution in school are mentioned?

10. _______________________________________ both
Most indoor air pollution in schools comes from sources inside the school building. Meanwhile, outdoor air that enters a school building through windows and other openings can also bring vehicle exhausts into the classrooms. Outdated ventilation(通风) systems in some older schools increase the risks of indoor air quality problems.
Air pollution in schools comes from sources____ _______________________________________
_______________________________________
both
inside and outside the school building the outdated ventilation systems
as well as
Tip5: Leave out unimportant information which modifies key words.

11. especially because/who
Para.3: Poor indoor air quality can cause serious respiratory (呼吸道的) problems. Younger students in particular are affected. Children’s respiratory systems are still developing. They are more sensitive to the air pollutants. Children also have higher respiration rates than adults. As a result, they are likely to inhale (吸入) more of the pollutants than adults do.
especially
because/who r e a s o n

12. Poor indoor air quality can cause serious respiratory problems, especially for young students who are likely to inhale more of the pollutants than adults do.
Indoor air pollution can result in serious respiratory problems, especially for young students who are likely to breathe in more of the pollutants than adults do.
Tip6: replace the original words with synonymous (同义的) substitution.

13. Summarize para.4 with the help of the tips.

14. Summary writing topic:_________________________
indoor air pollution in schools
Para.1
Para.2
Para.3
Para.4
problem sources result solution
Cover the key points
Express them in your own way
Use linking words

15. Assignment
Polish your writing with more synonymous substitution and sentence patterns