1. Telecommunications, the Internet, and Wireless Technology
Chapter 7 (Part 2)
Telecommunications, the Internet, and Wireless Technology

2. What is internet?
The Internet is the global system of interconnected computer networks that use the Internet protocol suite (TCP/IP) to link billions of devices worldwide. It is a network of networks that consists of millions of private, public, academic, business, and government networks of local to global scope, linked by a broad array of wireless, and wired networking technologies.
Internet connections (wired broadband and wireless broadband) are provided by Internet Service Provider (ISP).
This slide examines what the Internet is – ask students to describe it and what they use it for. The text refers to the Internet as the most extensive public communication system and the world’s largest implementation of client/server computing.
Ask students how they connect to the Internet. Do any of their families use dial-up (telephone/modem). Do any use satellite? Note that T lines are leased, dedicated lines suitable for businesses or government agencies requiring high-speed guaranteed service levels. Do students know that the Internet does not guarantee any service level, and only agrees to make a “best effort.”

3. Technologies for wired broadband
-Digital Subscriber Line (DSL): Need to have a landline phone
-Asymmetric DSL (ADSL): Most popular form of DSL. Available in Bangladesh. Example: BTCL
-Fiber to the Home (FTTH): Use internet from optical fiber. Available in Bangladesh. Example: Link3
-Cable internet connections: Provided by cable TV providers
-T lines: Dedicated lines for businesses and governments that require high- speed guaranteed service levels. Not available to end users.
Connection medium:
DSL: Telephone wire
FTTH: Optical fiber
Cable internet connection: Coaxial cable
T lines: Telephone wire
Speed ranges:
DSL: 385 kbps to 40 mbps, FTTH: up to 150 mbps
Cable internet connections: Most providers provide 1 mbps to 6 mbps
T lines: T mbps, T3- 45 mbps
This slide examines what the Internet is – ask students to describe it and what they use it for. The text refers to the Internet as the most extensive public communication system and the world’s largest implementation of client/server computing.
Ask students how they connect to the Internet. Do any of their families use dial-up (telephone/modem). Do any use satellite? Note that T lines are leased, dedicated lines suitable for businesses or government agencies requiring high-speed guaranteed service levels. Do students know that the Internet does not guarantee any service level, and only agrees to make a “best effort.”

4. Internet address
The internet is based on the TCP/IP networking protocol to send data from one computer to other computers
Each computer on the internet is assigned with a unique address called Internet Protocol Address (IP Address).
IP address is represented by four strings of numbers ranging form 0 to 255 separated by periods (dots)
Example:
This slide continues the discussion about what the Internet is, here looking at the services, or applications, that the Internet supports. Notice that the Internet comprises many more services than just and the Web. Ask students which of these services, beyond and the WWW have they used, and if they have, to describe how it works. Students who have cable Internet telephones are using VoIP.
Other popular technologies that use the Internet as a platform are VoIP and virtual private networks. Ask students what the value to business is of each of these technologies. One benefit of VOIP is the ability to use unified communications.

5. Major Internet services (Table 7.3 )
Chatting and instant messaging
Newsgroups
Telnet
File Transfer Protocol (FTP)
World Wide Web
This slide continues the discussion about what the Internet is, here looking at the services, or applications, that the Internet supports. Notice that the Internet comprises many more services than just and the Web. Ask students which of these services, beyond and the WWW have they used, and if they have, to describe how it works. Students who have cable Internet telephones are using VoIP.
Other popular technologies that use the Internet as a platform are VoIP and virtual private networks. Ask students what the value to business is of each of these technologies. One benefit of VOIP is the ability to use unified communications.

6. The World Wide Web
Website: A collection of web pages
HTML (Hypertext Markup Language):
Formats documents for display on Web by using HTML tags
Example:
<Name> Kabid Md Surid </Name>
<address> Somewhere in Dhaka </address>
Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP):
Communications standard used for transferring Web pages from web server to the client computers.
E.g.
Uniform resource locators (URLs):
Addresses of Web pages
E.g.
Web servers
Used for locating and managing Web pages
This slide looks at one of the most popular services on the Internet, the Web, and the main protocols enabling the Web. The Web is an interlinked connection of Web sites, which are collections of Web pages linked to a home page. These pages are created using a text markup language call HTML, and transmitted to user’s Web browsers by HTTP. Web page addresses (URLs) are composed of the domain name of the web site and the file location of the individual web page. Ask students if any have created Web pages using HTML, and if so, to describe what this is like. How have they made the Web pages visible to others on the Web? There is a learning track available online that shows students how to create Web pages using basic HTML.

7. Searching information on internet
Search engines
Started in early 1990s as relatively simple software programs using keyword indexes
Search engine marketing
Today, major source of Internet advertising revenue happens via search engine marketing, using complex algorithms and page ranking techniques to locate results
Shopping bots
Use intelligent agent software for searching Internet for shopping information. Example: pricegrabber.com
This slide looks at how people find information of interest on the Web. The primary method is through search engines, which today act as major portals to the Web. Ask students where their initial points of entry are on the Web, and how they find information they are interested in. Most will be Google users, but ask if they have they looked at Bing, the Microsoft search engine that is showing some promise.
The text discusses how big the Web is, in terms of pages. Google visited over 100 billion web pages in 2010, but this doesn’t include the “deep Web” Ask students what the “deep Web” is. Web pages a available only to subscribers for a fee (“premium content”) do not allow crawlers to index the pages. Shopping bots are always fun to visit in class. Ask students what they might be interested in having you shop for, and then use one of the shop bots like Shopzilla or Pricegrabber.

8. Web 2.0 Web 2.0 Four defining features
Interactivity: Search customized information as per user criteria
Real-time user control: Update, delete, Copy, paste of information; build applications on web using cloud computing
Social participation
User-generated content: You Tube videos
Technologies and services behind these features
Cloud computing
Blogs/RSS (Rich Site Summary)
Mashups: enables mix and match web contents to create useful information
Wikis: Example- Wikipedia
Social networks: Build communities and friends
This slide discusses Web 2.0 services. Ask students to give an example of a Web 2.0 application and identify what features of that application correspond to the four Web 2.0 features listed here. An example might be Facebook.
Note that the Web is not just a collection of destination sites, but a source of data and services that can be combined to create applications users need. Ask if students use a blog reader, such as Google Reader, to read their blogs. If they have, they have used RSS to pull in the content from their blogs to read them in one place. Note that wikis are used in business to share information. The text cites the example of Motorola, whose sales reps use wikis to share sales information. Instead of developing a different pitch for each client, reps reuse the information posted on the wiki. How do companies use blogs and RSS?

9. Cellular systems Speed range is 144 Kbps – 2Mbps
Competing standards for cellular service
CDMA: Citycell
GSM: Grameenphone, Robi
Third-generation (3G) networks
Speed range is 144 Kbps – 2Mbps
4G networks
Speed range is 100 Mbps – 1Gbps
This slide discusses the continuing revolution in wireless communication. Ask students to identify the wireless computing devices they use. (Cell phones, smart phones, PDAs, netbooks, laptops, ereaders, etc.)
Ask students what changes or improvements have happened in their cell phone service over the past two years. Have they purchased or upgraded a cell phone in that time, and if so, why? How many students are using 3G phones? How many 4G? The next complete evolution in wireless communication, termed 4G, will be entirely packet-switched and capable of providing between 1 Mbps and 1 Gbps speeds, with premium quality and high security. 4G technologies currently include Long Term Evolution (LTE, Verizon), Ultra Mobile Broadband (UMB), and the mobile WiMax. Have students had any experience with these technologies?

10. The Wireless Computer Networks and Internet
Bluetooth (802.15)
Links up to 8 devices in 10-m area
Useful for personal area networking (PANs) and in business to transmit data from handheld devices to other transmitters
Wi-Fi (802.11)
Set of standards: a, b, g, n
Used for wireless LAN and wireless Internet access
Use access points: Device with radio receiver/transmitter for connecting wireless devices to a wired LAN
This slide discusses the current standards in wireless networking. Ask students if they have any Bluetooth or wireless devices they use for computing. Many cars have Bluetooth support for cell phones. Note that in most Wi-Fi communications, wireless devices communicate with a wired LAN using an access point.

11. The Wireless Computer Networks and Internet
Wireless computer networks and Internet access
Wi-Fi (cont.)
Hotspots: Access points in public place to provide maximum wireless coverage for a specific area
Weak security features
WiMax (802.16)
Wireless access range of 31 miles
Require WiMax antennas
Fix the problems of not having Wi-Fi and Fixed broadband connectivity
This slide continues the discussion about wireless networking and Wi-Fi. Ask students if they have ever connected to the Internet through a hotspot at an airport, coffee shop, hotel, or other location. Was there any security? Ask students what other drawbacks, beside security, there are to Wi-Fi (roaming difficulties, interference). What are the potential benefits to WiMax – (broadband access in remote locations).

12. The Wireless Computer Network
A BLUETOOTH NETWORK (PAN)
Bluetooth enables a variety of devices, including cell phones, PDAs, wireless keyboards and mice, PCs, and printers, to interact wirelessly with each other within a small 30-foot (10-meter) area. In addition to the links shown, Bluetooth can be used to network similar devices to send data from one PC to another, for example.
This graphic illustrates the uses of Bluetooth for a PAN. Bluetooth connects wireless keyboards and mice to PCs or cell phones to earpieces without wires. Bluetooth has low-power requirements, making it appropriate for battery-powered handheld computers, cell phones, or PDAs.
FIGURE 7-15

13. The Wireless Internet Access
AN WIRELESS LAN
Mobile laptop computers equipped with network interface cards link to the wired LAN by communicating with the access point. The access point uses radio waves to transmit network signals from the wired network to the client adapters, which convert them into data that the mobile device can understand. The client adapter then transmits the data from the mobile device back to the access point, which forwards the data to the wired network.
This graphic illustrates an wireless LAN operating in infrastructure mode that connects a small number of mobile devices to a larger wired LAN. Most wireless devices are client machines. The servers that the mobile client stations need to use are on the wired LAN. The access point controls the wireless stations and acts as a bridge between the main wired LAN and the wireless LAN. (A bridge connects two LANs based on different technologies.) The access point also controls the wireless stations.
FIGURE 7-16