1. Parenting Styles
Psychology ATAR Unit 3

2. Processes of socialisation
Socialisation is a lifelong process during which we learn about social expectations and how to interact with other people. 
Socialisation is the process of learning throughout our life and influences our behaviour, beliefs and actions.
Our socialisation starts as soon as we are born

3. Agents of socialisation
Factors that affect our socialisation are known as agents of socialisation.
In this unit, we will be looking at the family as an agent of socialisation
Attachment
Parenting styles

4. Family as a social system

5. 3 Styles of Parenting
Authoritarian
Permissive
Authoritative

6. Authoritarian
Parent who relies on coercive techniques to discipline the child
Displays a low level of nurturance.
Coercive techniques include threats or physical punishment
Places firm limits and controls on the child
Little verbal exchange between the parent and the child

7. Authoritarian Effects on the child
Does not exhibit a strong social responsibility or sense of independence
Appears anxious about social comparison
Does not initiate social activity
Displays poor communication skills
Boys - generally more aggressive
Girls - generally more dependent
In general appear unhappy

8. Authoritarian Effects extending to adolescence
Less advanced moral reasoning
Less pro-social behavior
Lower self-esteem
Poorer adjustment to starting school

9. Permissive Parent sets few limits on the child’s behaviour
Either moderately nurturant or cool and uninvolved
Makes few demands on mature behavior
Allows child to make own decisions about routine behaviors including TV viewing, bedtime, and mealtimes

10. Permissive Effects on the child
Does not exhibit a strong social responsibility or sense of independence
Displays low self-control
Displays low self-reliance
Displays a tendency to expect to get own way

11. Authoritative
Parent sets limits on a child’s behaviour using reasoning and explanation
Displays a high degree of nurturance
Expects child to behave in a mature manner
Uses rewards more than punishments
Communicates expectations clearly and provides explanations to help the child understand the reasoning behind the expectations
Listens to what the child has to say
Encourages dialogue between the parent and child

12. Authoritative Effects on the child Self-reliant Socially responsible
Friendly with peers
Cooperative with adults
Independent
Energetic
Achievement oriented
High degree of self-control

13. Authoritative Effects extending to adolescence
More prosocial behaviours
Fewer problem behaviours (i.e. substance abuse)
Greater academic achievement
Higher self-confidence

14. Why is authoritative best?
Parent sets demands and guidelines on the child’s behaviours
Child is aware of the responsibilities individuals have toward one another when they live in social groups
Child is better equip with an understanding of how to sort out social problems

15. Why is authoritative best?
Parental demands are accompanied with reasonable explanations
Child is more likely to accept the limitations imposed on his or her actions

16. Why is authoritative best?
Parent takes child’s responses into account and shows affection toward the child
Child is likely to acquire a sense of control over his or her actions
Child is able to derive a sense of self worth