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Soybean Insect Identification and Management
Agent Training June 26-27 NCSU and Plymouth, NC
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Plant Injury Chewing Piercing-sucking
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Insect Mouthparts
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Plant Injury Gall making Insect Vectors
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Injury vs. Damage Injury: harm or destruction on the host plant caused by the pest Damage: measurable loss of the host that affects the yield quantity, quality or aesthetics
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Old vs. New Injury Old New
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Economic Injury Level EIL = πΆ ππΌπ·πΎ
EIL: the lowest number of insects that causes economic damage C = Cost of management per unit area V = market value per unit of product I = Injury units per insect per production unit; expressed as a proportion D = Damage per unit injury K = proportionate reduction in potential injury or damage EIL = πΆ ππΌπ·πΎ
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ET = the number of insects that triggers a management action
Economic Threshold ET = the number of insects that triggers a management action
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Corn Earworm/Tobacco Budworm
Thresholds now online! Will lead to Field Crop Entomology Webpage Link Click Soybean Insect Pests Click Corn Earworm Click CEW Threshold Calculator for Soybeans
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Sampling and Monitoring Methods
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Direct Sampling Transect Random Sampling
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Seedling Pests Thrips Grasshopper/Katydid Bean Leaf Beetle Cutworm
Threecornered alfalfa hopper Lesser cornstalk borer
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Thrips Tobacco thrips predominate after planting, then soybean thrips
Some Eastern flower thrips, very few Western flower thrips
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White Margined Burrower Beetle
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Grasshoppers Most common in reduced till Adults more difficult to kill
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Katydid
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Bean Leaf Beetle
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Cutworm
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Threecornered Alfalfa Hopper
Check when beans are less than 10 inches tall Threshold is one per sweep
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Threecornered Alfalfa Hopper Injury
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Stem Borers Lesser cornstalk borer Dectes stem borer
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Lesser Cornstalk Borer
Does this damage seedlings?
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Dectes Stem Borer
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Vegetative/Flowering Stage Pests (after seedling stage)
Defoliators Corn earworm/tobacco budworm Armyworm complex Soybean looper (generally late-season) Green cloverworm (generally NOT a pest) Velvetbean caterpillar (generally late-season) Bean leaf beetle Japanese beetle Blister beetle Grape colapsis Spider mites Whitefly Are
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Corn Earworm/Tobacco Budworm
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Armyworm Complex
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Armyworm Complex
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Soybean Looper
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Green Cloverworm Generally NOT a pest
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Velvetbean Caterpillar
Four pairs of prolegs
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Japanese Beetle Beetles often congregate Damage lacy
Usually sub-economic
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Blister Beetle
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Grape Colaspis
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Spider mites
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Whitefly
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Defoliator Thresholds
Vegetative stages 30% defoliation Two weeks prior to bloom and during pod-fill 15% defoliation
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Vegetative/Flowering Stage Pests (after seedling stage)
Piercing sucking pests Kudzu bug Brown stink bug Green stink bug
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Kudzu Bug
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Kudzu Bug
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Stink Bug Complex
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Stink Bug Complex
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Green Stink Bug Nymph
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Brown Stink Bug Nymph
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Piercing/sucking like Kudzu bug
However, stink bugs prefer and damage pods
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Common Beneficial Insects
Ladybird beetle Lacewings Minute pirate bug Bigeyed bug Nabids Spined soldier bug Praying mantis
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Ladybird Beetle eggs adult larva
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Common NC ladybird beetles
Asian pink spotted pink spotted
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Green Lacewing adult larva eggs
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Minute Pirate Bug
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Bigeyed Bug
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Nabis (damsel bug)
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Spined Soldier Bug
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Praying Mantis
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Reproductive Stage Pests
Defoliators Soybean looper Armyworm complex Bean leaf beetle Pod-feeders Corn earworm/tobacco budworm Stink bug complex Stem feeder kudzu bug
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Questions?
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