Jenney’s First Year Latin Lesson 21

Jenney’s First Year Latin Lesson 21
Vocabulary List 21 Numbers and Numerals: Cardinal Numbers Roman Numerals Ordinal Numbers

Vocabulary List 21

Britannia, Britaniae, f. Britain

cēna, cēnae, f. dinner

fenestra, fenestrae, f. window

Graecia, Graeciae, f. Greece

Helvetia (a part of Gaul, modern Switzerland)
Helvētia, Helvētiae, f. Helvetia (a part of Gaul, modern Switzerland)

iniūria, iniūriae, f. wrong, injustice

mēnsa, mēnsae, f. table

pugna, pugnae, f. fight

sella, sellae, f. seat, chair

Sicilia, Siciliae, f. Sicily

Trōia, Trōiae, f. Troy

victōria, victōriae, f. victory

atque and

and (alternate form of atque)
ac and (alternate form of atque)

aut or

aut…aut… either…or…

et…et… both…and…

quod because

sī if

Numbers and Numerals

Numbers and Numerals as in English, there are number words and symbols (Roman numerals) to express numbers in Latin every number word in Latin has a corresponding Roman numeral numbers are technically adjectives, thus they modify nouns there are two “types” of numbers: cardinal and ordinal cardinal: one, two, three, four, etc. (used for counting) ordinal: first, second, third, fourth, etc. (used for ranking)

Cardinal Numbers, 1-10 English Latin Number Word Roman Numeral one (1)
two (2) three (3) four (4) five (5) six (6) seven (7) eight (8) nine (9) ten (10)

ūnus, -a, -um I two (2) three (3) four (4) five (5) six (6) seven (7) eight (8) nine (9) ten (10)

ūnus, -a, -um I two (2) duo, duae, duo II three (3) four (4) five (5) six (6) seven (7) eight (8) nine (9) ten (10)

ūnus, -a, -um I two (2) duo, duae, duo II three (3) trēs, tria III four (4) five (5) six (6) seven (7) eight (8) nine (9) ten (10)

ūnus, -a, -um I two (2) duo, duae, duo II three (3) trēs, tria III four (4) quattuor IV five (5) six (6) seven (7) eight (8) nine (9) ten (10)

ūnus, -a, -um I two (2) duo, duae, duo II three (3) trēs, tria III four (4) quattuor IV five (5) quīnque V six (6) seven (7) eight (8) nine (9) ten (10)

ūnus, -a, -um I two (2) duo, duae, duo II three (3) trēs, tria III four (4) quattuor IV five (5) quīnque V six (6) sex VI seven (7) eight (8) nine (9) ten (10)

ūnus, -a, -um I two (2) duo, duae, duo II three (3) trēs, tria III four (4) quattuor IV five (5) quīnque V six (6) sex VI seven (7) septem VII eight (8) nine (9) ten (10)

ūnus, -a, -um I two (2) duo, duae, duo II three (3) trēs, tria III four (4) quattuor IV five (5) quīnque V six (6) sex VI seven (7) septem VII eight (8) octō VIII nine (9) ten (10)

ūnus, -a, -um I two (2) duo, duae, duo II three (3) trēs, tria III four (4) quattuor IV five (5) quīnque V six (6) sex VI seven (7) septem VII eight (8) octō VIII nine (9) novem IX ten (10)

ūnus, -a, -um I two (2) duo, duae, duo II three (3) trēs, tria III four (4) quattuor IV five (5) quīnque V six (6) sex VI seven (7) septem VII eight (8) octō VIII nine (9) novem IX ten (10) decem X

Cardinal Numbers, 11-20 English Latin Number Word Roman Numeral
eleven (11) twelve (12) thirteen (13) fourteen (14) fifteen (15) sixteen (16) seventeen (17) eighteen (18) nineteen (19) twenty (20)

eleven (11) ūndecim XI twelve (12) thirteen (13) fourteen (14) fifteen (15) sixteen (16) seventeen (17) eighteen (18) nineteen (19) twenty (20)

eleven (11) ūndecim XI twelve (12) duodecim XII thirteen (13) fourteen (14) fifteen (15) sixteen (16) seventeen (17) eighteen (18) nineteen (19) twenty (20)

eleven (11) ūndecim XI twelve (12) duodecim XII thirteen (13) trēdecim XIII fourteen (14) fifteen (15) sixteen (16) seventeen (17) eighteen (18) nineteen (19) twenty (20)

eleven (11) ūndecim XI twelve (12) duodecim XII thirteen (13) trēdecim XIII fourteen (14) quattuordecim XIV fifteen (15) sixteen (16) seventeen (17) eighteen (18) nineteen (19) twenty (20)

eleven (11) ūndecim XI twelve (12) duodecim XII thirteen (13) trēdecim XIII fourteen (14) quattuordecim XIV fifteen (15) quīndecim XV sixteen (16) seventeen (17) eighteen (18) nineteen (19) twenty (20)

eleven (11) ūndecim XI twelve (12) duodecim XII thirteen (13) trēdecim XIII fourteen (14) quattuordecim XIV fifteen (15) quīndecim XV sixteen (16) sēdecim XVI seventeen (17) eighteen (18) nineteen (19) twenty (20)

eleven (11) ūndecim XI twelve (12) duodecim XII thirteen (13) trēdecim XIII fourteen (14) quattuordecim XIV fifteen (15) quīndecim XV sixteen (16) sēdecim XVI seventeen (17) septendecim XVII eighteen (18) nineteen (19) twenty (20)

eleven (11) ūndecim XI twelve (12) duodecim XII thirteen (13) trēdecim XIII fourteen (14) quattuordecim XIV fifteen (15) quīndecim XV sixteen (16) sēdecim XVI seventeen (17) septendecim XVII eighteen (18) duodevīgintī XVIII nineteen (19) twenty (20)

eleven (11) ūndecim XI twelve (12) duodecim XII thirteen (13) trēdecim XIII fourteen (14) quattuordecim XIV fifteen (15) quīndecim XV sixteen (16) sēdecim XVI seventeen (17) septendecim XVII eighteen (18) duodevīgintī XVIII nineteen (19) undevīgintī XIX twenty (20)

eleven (11) ūndecim XI twelve (12) duodecim XII thirteen (13) trēdecim XIII fourteen (14) quattuordecim XIV fifteen (15) quīndecim XV sixteen (16) sēdecim XVI seventeen (17) septendecim XVII eighteen (18) duodevīgintī XVIII nineteen (19) undevīgintī XIX twenty (20) vīgintī XX

twenty one (21) twenty two (22) twenty three (23) twenty four (24) twenty five (25) twenty six (26) twenty seven (27) twenty eight (28) twenty nine (29) thirty (30)

twenty one (21) vīgintī ūnus XXI twenty two (22) twenty three (23) twenty four (24) twenty five (25) twenty six (26) twenty seven (27) twenty eight (28) twenty nine (29) thirty (30)

twenty one (21) vīgintī ūnus XXI twenty two (22) vīgintī duo XXII twenty three (23) twenty four (24) twenty five (25) twenty six (26) twenty seven (27) twenty eight (28) twenty nine (29) thirty (30)

twenty one (21) vīgintī ūnus XXI twenty two (22) vīgintī duo XXII twenty three (23) vīgintī trēs XXIII twenty four (24) twenty five (25) twenty six (26) twenty seven (27) twenty eight (28) twenty nine (29) thirty (30)

twenty one (21) vīgintī ūnus XXI twenty two (22) vīgintī duo XXII twenty three (23) vīgintī trēs XXIII twenty four (24) vīgintī quattuor XXIV twenty five (25) twenty six (26) twenty seven (27) twenty eight (28) twenty nine (29) thirty (30)

twenty one (21) vīgintī ūnus XXI twenty two (22) vīgintī duo XXII twenty three (23) vīgintī trēs XXIII twenty four (24) vīgintī quattuor XXIV twenty five (25) vīgintī quīnque XXV twenty six (26) twenty seven (27) twenty eight (28) twenty nine (29) thirty (30)

twenty one (21) vīgintī ūnus XXI twenty two (22) vīgintī duo XXII twenty three (23) vīgintī trēs XXIII twenty four (24) vīgintī quattuor XXIV twenty five (25) vīgintī quīnque XXV twenty six (26) vīgintī sex XXVI twenty seven (27) twenty eight (28) twenty nine (29) thirty (30)

twenty one (21) vīgintī ūnus XXI twenty two (22) vīgintī duo XXII twenty three (23) vīgintī trēs XXIII twenty four (24) vīgintī quattuor XXIV twenty five (25) vīgintī quīnque XXV twenty six (26) vīgintī sex XXVI twenty seven (27) vīgintī septem XXVII twenty eight (28) twenty nine (29) thirty (30)

twenty one (21) vīgintī ūnus XXI twenty two (22) vīgintī duo XXII twenty three (23) vīgintī trēs XXIII twenty four (24) vīgintī quattuor XXIV twenty five (25) vīgintī quīnque XXV twenty six (26) vīgintī sex XXVI twenty seven (27) vīgintī septem XXVII twenty eight (28) duodētriginta XXVIII twenty nine (29) thirty (30)

twenty one (21) vīgintī ūnus XXI twenty two (22) vīgintī duo XXII twenty three (23) vīgintī trēs XXIII twenty four (24) vīgintī quattuor XXIV twenty five (25) vīgintī quīnque XXV twenty six (26) vīgintī sex XXVI twenty seven (27) vīgintī septem XXVII twenty eight (28) duodētriginta XXVIII twenty nine (29) ūndētriginta XXIX thirty (30)

twenty one (21) vīgintī ūnus XXI twenty two (22) vīgintī duo XXII twenty three (23) vīgintī trēs XXIII twenty four (24) vīgintī quattuor XXIV twenty five (25) vīgintī quīnque XXV twenty six (26) vīgintī sex XXVI twenty seven (27) vīgintī septem XXVII twenty eight (28) duodētriginta XXVIII twenty nine (29) ūndētriginta XXIX thirty (30) triginta XXX

Other Important Cardinal Numbers
English Latin Number Word Roman Numeral forty (40) fifty (50) sixty (60) seventy (70) eighty (80) ninety (90) one hundred (100) one thousand (1000)

English Latin Number Word Roman Numeral forty (40) quadrāgintā XL fifty (50) sixty (60) seventy (70) eighty (80) ninety (90) one hundred (100) one thousand (1000)

English Latin Number Word Roman Numeral forty (40) quadrāgintā XL fifty (50) quinquāgintā L sixty (60) seventy (70) eighty (80) ninety (90) one hundred (100) one thousand (1000)

English Latin Number Word Roman Numeral forty (40) quadrāgintā XL fifty (50) quinquāgintā L sixty (60) sexāgintā LX seventy (70) eighty (80) ninety (90) one hundred (100) one thousand (1000)

English Latin Number Word Roman Numeral forty (40) quadrāgintā XL fifty (50) quinquāgintā L sixty (60) sexāgintā LX seventy (70) septuagintā LXX eighty (80) ninety (90) one hundred (100) one thousand (1000)

English Latin Number Word Roman Numeral forty (40) quadrāgintā XL fifty (50) quinquāgintā L sixty (60) sexāgintā LX seventy (70) septuagintā LXX eighty (80) octōgintā LXXX ninety (90) one hundred (100) one thousand (1000)

English Latin Number Word Roman Numeral forty (40) quadrāgintā XL fifty (50) quinquāgintā L sixty (60) sexāgintā LX seventy (70) septuagintā LXX eighty (80) octōgintā LXXX ninety (90) nōnāgintā XC one hundred (100) one thousand (1000)

English Latin Number Word Roman Numeral forty (40) quadrāgintā XL fifty (50) quinquāgintā L sixty (60) sexāgintā LX seventy (70) septuagintā LXX eighty (80) octōgintā LXXX ninety (90) nōnāgintā XC one hundred (100) centum C one thousand (1000)

English Latin Number Word Roman Numeral forty (40) quadrāgintā XL fifty (50) quinquāgintā L sixty (60) sexāgintā LX seventy (70) septuagintā LXX eighty (80) octōgintā LXXX ninety (90) nōnāgintā XC one hundred (100) centum C one thousand (1000) mille M N.B.: Use the pattern for for 31-39, 41-49, etc.

Declension of the Cardinals
only unus, duo, and tres are declined (show case, number, and gender): ūnus, -a, -um declined like a adjective, with two exceptions duo, duae, duo are declined sort of like adjectives trēs, tria is declined like a 3rd declension adjective numbers are indeclinable, aka they don’t change endings to show gender, number, and case–BUT they still modify nouns, e.g.: quinque puerī: five boys quinque puellārum: of five girls ā quinque oppidīs: from five towns

Declension of Cardinals – Ūnus
ūnus, -a, -um is declined like a adjective, except for the genitive and dative singular ūnus, -a, -um is ONLY declined in the singular, since it can only ever describe one noun M F N Nom. Gen. Dat. Acc. Abl.

ūnus, -a, -um is declined like a adjective, except for the genitive and dative singular ūnus, -a, -um is ONLY declined in the singular, since it can only ever describe one noun M F N Nom. ūnus ūna ūnum Gen. Dat. Acc. Abl.

ūnus, -a, -um is declined like a adjective, except for the genitive and dative singular ūnus, -a, -um is ONLY declined in the singular, since it can only ever describe one noun M F N Nom. ūnus ūna ūnum Gen. ūnīus Dat. Acc. Abl.

ūnus, -a, -um is declined like a adjective, except for the genitive and dative singular ūnus, -a, -um is ONLY declined in the singular, since it can only ever describe one noun M F N Nom. ūnus ūna ūnum Gen. ūnīus Dat. ūnī Acc. Abl.

ūnus, -a, -um is declined like a adjective, except for the genitive and dative singular ūnus, -a, -um is ONLY declined in the singular, since it can only ever describe one noun M F N Nom. ūnus ūna ūnum Gen. ūnīus Dat. ūnī Acc. ūnam Abl.

ūnus, -a, -um is declined like a adjective, except for the genitive and dative singular ūnus, -a, -um is ONLY declined in the singular, since it can only ever describe one noun M F N Nom. ūnus ūna ūnum Gen. ūnīus Dat. ūnī Acc. ūnam Abl. ūnō ūnā

Declension of Cardinals – Duo
duo, -ae, -o is declined sort of like a adjective, except in the nom. masc. & neut.; also, the dat. & abl. pl. act like fīlia, -ae, f. duo, -ae, -o is ONLY declined in the plural, since it can only ever describe more than one (i.e. two) of something M F N Nom. Gen. Dat. Acc. Abl.

duo, -ae, -o is declined sort of like a adjective, except in the nom. masc. & neut.; also, the dat. & abl. pl. act like fīlia, -ae, f. duo, -ae, -o is ONLY declined in the plural, since it can only ever describe more than one (i.e. two) of something M F N Nom. duo duae Gen. Dat. Acc. Abl.

duo, -ae, -o is declined sort of like a adjective, except in the nom. masc. & neut.; also, the dat. & abl. pl. act like fīlia, -ae, f. duo, -ae, -o is ONLY declined in the plural, since it can only ever describe more than one (i.e. two) of something M F N Nom. duo duae Gen. duōrum duārum Dat. Acc. Abl.

duo, -ae, -o is declined sort of like a adjective, except in the nom. masc. & neut.; also, the dat. & abl. pl. act like fīlia, -ae, f. duo, -ae, -o is ONLY declined in the plural, since it can only ever describe more than one (i.e. two) of something M F N Nom. duo duae Gen. duōrum duārum Dat. duōbus duābus Acc. Abl.

duo, -ae, -o is declined sort of like a adjective, except in the nom. masc. & neut.; also, the dat. & abl. pl. act like fīlia, -ae, f. duo, -ae, -o is ONLY declined in the plural, since it can only ever describe more than one (i.e. two) of something M F N Nom. duo duae Gen. duōrum duārum Dat. duōbus duābus Acc. duōs duās Abl.

Declension of Cardinals – Trēs, Tria
trēs, tria is declined like a 3rd declension adjective trēs, tria is ONLY declined in the plural, since it can only ever describe more than one (i.e. three) of something M/F N Nom. Gen. Dat. Acc. Abl.

trēs, tria is declined like a 3rd declension adjective trēs, tria is ONLY declined in the plural, since it can only ever describe more than one (i.e. three) of something M/F N Nom. trēs tria Gen. Dat. Acc. Abl.

trēs, tria is declined like a 3rd declension adjective trēs, tria is ONLY declined in the plural, since it can only ever describe more than one (i.e. three) of something M/F N Nom. trēs tria Gen. trium Dat. Acc. Abl.

trēs, tria is declined like a 3rd declension adjective trēs, tria is ONLY declined in the plural, since it can only ever describe more than one (i.e. three) of something M/F N Nom. trēs tria Gen. trium Dat. tribus Acc. Abl.

Roman Numerals Roman numerals follow observable patterns, e.g.: I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XVIII, XIX, XX XXI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX I = 1, V = 5, X = 10, L = 50, C = 100, D = 500, M = 1000

Ordinal Numbers

Ordinal Numbers ordinal numbers are used to rank things, or to put them in order ordinals in English: first, second, third, fourth, etc. in Latin, a cardinal and an ordinal number will share the same Roman numeral, e.g.: quinque puerī = V puerī / quintus puerus = V puerus ordinal numbers are declined like adjectives, with no exceptions

Ordinal Numbers, 1-10 Cardinal Number Ordinal Number Roman Numeral
ūnus, -a, -um I duo, -ae, -o II trēs, tria III quattuor IV quinque V sex VI septem VII octō VIII novem IX decem X

ūnus, -a, -um prīmus, -a, -um I duo, -ae, -o II trēs, tria III quattuor IV quinque V sex VI septem VII octō VIII novem IX decem X

ūnus, -a, -um prīmus, -a, -um I duo, -ae, -o secundus, -a, -um II trēs, tria III quattuor IV quinque V sex VI septem VII octō VIII novem IX decem X

ūnus, -a, -um prīmus, -a, -um I duo, -ae, -o secundus, -a, -um II trēs, tria tertius, -a, -um III quattuor IV quinque V sex VI septem VII octō VIII novem IX decem X

ūnus, -a, -um prīmus, -a, -um I duo, -ae, -o secundus, -a, -um II trēs, tria tertius, -a, -um III quattuor quārtus, -a, -um IV quinque V sex VI septem VII octō VIII novem IX decem X

ūnus, -a, -um prīmus, -a, -um I duo, -ae, -o secundus, -a, -um II trēs, tria tertius, -a, -um III quattuor quārtus, -a, -um IV quinque quīntus, -a, -um V sex VI septem VII octō VIII novem IX decem X

ūnus, -a, -um prīmus, -a, -um I duo, -ae, -o secundus, -a, -um II trēs, tria tertius, -a, -um III quattuor quārtus, -a, -um IV quinque quīntus, -a, -um V sex sextus, -a, -um VI septem VII octō VIII novem IX decem X

ūnus, -a, -um prīmus, -a, -um I duo, -ae, -o secundus, -a, -um II trēs, tria tertius, -a, -um III quattuor quārtus, -a, -um IV quinque quīntus, -a, -um V sex sextus, -a, -um VI septem septimus, -a, -um VII octō VIII novem IX decem X

ūnus, -a, -um prīmus, -a, -um I duo, -ae, -o secundus, -a, -um II trēs, tria tertius, -a, -um III quattuor quārtus, -a, -um IV quinque quīntus, -a, -um V sex sextus, -a, -um VI septem septimus, -a, -um VII octō octāvus, -a, -um VIII novem IX decem X

ūnus, -a, -um prīmus, -a, -um I duo, -ae, -o secundus, -a, -um II trēs, tria tertius, -a, -um III quattuor quārtus, -a, -um IV quinque quīntus, -a, -um V sex sextus, -a, -um VI septem septimus, -a, -um VII octō octāvus, -a, -um VIII novem nōnus, -a, -um IX decem X

ūnus, -a, -um prīmus, -a, -um I duo, -ae, -o secundus, -a, -um II trēs, tria tertius, -a, -um III quattuor quārtus, -a, -um IV quinque quīntus, -a, -um V sex sextus, -a, -um VI septem septimus, -a, -um VII octō octāvus, -a, -um VIII novem nōnus, -a, -um IX decem decimus, -a, -um X

ūndecim XI duodecim XII trēdecim XIII quattuordecim XIV quindecim XV sēdecim XVI septendecim XVII duodēvīgintī XVIII ūndēvīgintī XIX vīgintī XX

ūndecim ūndecimus XI duodecim XII trēdecim XIII quattuordecim XIV quindecim XV sēdecim XVI septendecim XVII duodēvīgintī XVIII ūndēvīgintī XIX vīgintī XX

ūndecim ūndecimus XI duodecim duodecimus XII trēdecim XIII quattuordecim XIV quindecim XV sēdecim XVI septendecim XVII duodēvīgintī XVIII ūndēvīgintī XIX vīgintī XX

ūndecim ūndecimus XI duodecim duodecimus XII trēdecim tertius decimus XIII quattuordecim XIV quindecim XV sēdecim XVI septendecim XVII duodēvīgintī XVIII ūndēvīgintī XIX vīgintī XX

ūndecim ūndecimus XI duodecim duodecimus XII trēdecim tertius decimus XIII quattuordecim quārtus decimus XIV quindecim XV sēdecim XVI septendecim XVII duodēvīgintī XVIII ūndēvīgintī XIX vīgintī XX

ūndecim ūndecimus XI duodecim duodecimus XII trēdecim tertius decimus XIII quattuordecim quārtus decimus XIV quindecim quīntus decimus XV sēdecim XVI septendecim XVII duodēvīgintī XVIII ūndēvīgintī XIX vīgintī XX

ūndecim ūndecimus XI duodecim duodecimus XII trēdecim tertius decimus XIII quattuordecim quārtus decimus XIV quindecim quīntus decimus XV sēdecim sextus decimus XVI septendecim XVII duodēvīgintī XVIII ūndēvīgintī XIX vīgintī XX

ūndecim ūndecimus XI duodecim duodecimus XII trēdecim tertius decimus XIII quattuordecim quārtus decimus XIV quindecim quīntus decimus XV sēdecim sextus decimus XVI septendecim septimus decimus XVII duodēvīgintī XVIII ūndēvīgintī XIX vīgintī XX

ūndecim ūndecimus XI duodecim duodecimus XII trēdecim tertius decimus XIII quattuordecim quārtus decimus XIV quindecim quīntus decimus XV sēdecim sextus decimus XVI septendecim septimus decimus XVII duodēvīgintī duōdēvīcēsimus XVIII ūndēvīgintī XIX vīgintī XX

ūndecim ūndecimus XI duodecim duodecimus XII trēdecim tertius decimus XIII quattuordecim quārtus decimus XIV quindecim quīntus decimus XV sēdecim sextus decimus XVI septendecim septimus decimus XVII duodēvīgintī duōdēvīcēsimus XVIII ūndēvīgintī ūndēvīcēsimus XIX vīgintī XX

ūndecim ūndecimus XI duodecim duodecimus XII trēdecim tertius decimus XIII quattuordecim quārtus decimus XIV quindecim quīntus decimus XV sēdecim sextus decimus XVI septendecim septimus decimus XVII duodēvīgintī duōdēvīcēsimus XVIII ūndēvīgintī ūndēvīcēsimus XIX vīgintī vīcēsimus XX

Jenney’s First Year Latin Lesson 21

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