1. Cellular and molecular immunologic mechanisms in patients with atopic dermatitis 
Thomas Werfel, MD, Jean-Pierre Allam, MD, Tilo Biedermann, MD, Kilian Eyerich, MD, PhD, Stefanie Gilles, PhD, Emma Guttman- Yassky, MD, PhD, Wolfram Hoetzenecker, MD, Edward Knol, PhD, Hans-Uwe Simon, MD, PhD, Andreas Wollenberg, MD, Thomas Bieber, MD, PhD, MDRA, Roger Lauener, MD, Peter Schmid-Grendelmeier, MD, Claudia Traidl-Hoffmann, MD, Cezmi A. Akdis, MD 
Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 
Volume 138, Issue 2, Pages (August 2016)
DOI: /j.jaci
Copyright © 2016 American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Terms and Conditions

2. Fig 1
Selected cellular and molecular pathways in lesional skin of patients with AD. A defective skin barrier caused by genetic factors and inflammatory influences facilitates the penetration of irritants, microbial products, and allergens. TH2-like lymphocytes dominate in the acute phase and are also present in the chronic phase of AD. Other T-cell subpopulations (TH1, TH17, and TH22) are detectable in the skin as well, and other cell types, such as inflammatory dendritic cell populations and eosinophils, are found in increased numbers in lesional skin. Selected inflammatory mediators and their receptors are shown, some of them serving as target molecules in novel therapeutic approaches.
Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology  , DOI: ( /j.jaci )
Copyright © 2016 American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Terms and Conditions

3. Fig 2
Pruritus is a sensory phenomenon mediated by histamine-dependent and independent mechanisms. Key mediators of pruritus, such as TSLP, IL-31, or histamine, are targets of current therapeutic approaches in patients with AD.
Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology  , DOI: ( /j.jaci )
Copyright © 2016 American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Terms and Conditions