1. World History: Unit 3, Chapter 9, Section 4
Reforms, Revolution, and War, :
Expansion and war in the united states

2. Main Idea
As the United States began to expand west, conflicts erupted over territory and slavery

3. Question Column
How did the U.S. expand during the first half of the 1800s?
What issues led to civil war in the U.S.?

4. Growth of the United States
1803: Louisiana Purchase doubled the U.S.
War of 1812: Britain was seizing U.S. sailors, inciting Indians against settlers
In 1820s President Monroe declared the Americas off limits to European colonization-”Monroe Doctrine”
: Mexican-American War over Texas

5. Effects on Native Americans
1830: Indian Removal Act-relocated five Indian Nations to Indian Territory (Great Plains); Cherokee, Choctaw, Chickasaw, Seminole, Creek
Known as “Trail of Tears”: 25% of Cherokees died who made the trip
As Americans moved further west, laws moved Native Americans onto reservations

6. Causes and Effects of Western Expansion
Unites States acquires new territories
Desire for land and opportunity
Discovery of gold in California
Millions of people move to new territories
Native Americans are forcibly relocated
Population of California explodes

7. The Civil War Slavery became a big problem as settlers moved west
1854: Kansas-Nebraska Act-new territories decided on slavery for themselves
South Carolina seceded after Lincoln’s election
Emancipation Proclamation freed a southern slaves in 1863
July, 1863: Gettysburg was turning point for the Union
1865: Lee surrendered to Grant at Appomattox Courthouse, VA
Civil rights amendments set the tone for the continued movement in the 1900s

8. Causes and Effects of the Civil War
Conflicts over slavery and states’ rights
Lincoln’s election as president
The secession of southern states
The attack on Fort Sumter
The end of slavery
More that 500,000 dead
The South left in ruins
A reunited nation