1. Dynamics of a microcosm: parton transport and the Quark-Gluon Plasma
Bin Zhang
Arkansas State University
International Workshop on Nuclear Dynamics and Thermodynamics
College Station, Texas, USA, August 19 – 22, 2013
Introduction
Pressure anisotropy and kinetic equilibration
Transverse energy fluctuations
Summary and discussions
Work supported by the U.S. National Science Foundation under Grant No. PHY

2. Relativistic heavy ion collisionsz y O
Highly Lorentz contracted nuclei
Hot and dense nuclear matter z t
A, Eb , b
prodution
thermalization
Quark-Gluon Plasma
phase transition
hadron gas
freeze-out x y O b s
Centrality described by b, Npart , Ncoll

3. Longitudinal to transverse pressure ratio
Lines (points): exponential (condensate) initial conditions
competition between expansion and equilibration
common asymptotic evolution
more isotropization with inelastic processes
not sensitive to initial momentum distribution with inelastic processes
Plopt1b3a.eps (kamer4)

4. Exact matrix element for gg↔ggg
Propagators regulated by μ2
When αs=0.47, μ2=10 fm-2, s=4 GeV2, σ22=0.312 fm2, and σ23= fm2.
σ23/σ22 ~ < 0.5
When αs=0.4, T=0.524 GeV, (preliminary) <σ23>23/<σ22>22~57%, <σ23>/<σ22>~17%, w23/w22~12%.

5. Transverse energy production
A.K. Chaudhuri, Phys. Rev. C 47, 2875 (1993)

6. Work distribution and ET distribution
Non-relativistic work magnitude distribution is a gamma distribution.
Jarzynski equality
and the second law.
Crooks theorem.
extreme relativistic work magnitude distribution is also a gamma distribution.
ordering of averages

7. Work distribution and ET distribution
non-relativistic shape 3N/2, extreme relativistic shape 3N
scale parameter |ΔT|
transverse energy distribution is also a gamma distribution.
transverse energy shape ({3N/2, 3N}) depends on mass
transverse energy scale parameter {2/3, π/4}T1 is sensitive to freeze-out and mass.

8. Summary and discussions
Elastic collisions may be more important in thermalization than expected.
Exact and Gunion-Bertsch can have big differences.
Specific shear viscosity may be larger than the quantum limit.
{Work magnitude, transverse energy} distribution is a gamma distribution for non-relativistic and extreme relativistic gases.
The transverse energy shape is sensitive to mass and scale is determined by the freeze-out.
Numerical studies necessary to sort out changing particle contents, transverse expansion, differential freeze-out, etc.