1. Cell Organelles

2. 1) Peroxisome digestive enzyme sacs in both plants and animals
In LIVER CELLS Help detoxify alcohol & other poisons
PRODUCE HYDROGEN PEROXIDE (also
a TOXIN) but have enzyme
(CATALASE) to break this down
H2O2 → H2O + O2

3. 2) cilia
hair-like projections that extend from the cell membrane surface
unicellular - locomotion.
Multicellular - wave back and
forth to move substances.
example, the cells lining the
respiratory tract of
the trachea contain ciliated cells
that help move
mucus and trapped particles upwards
toward the throat where they
can be swallowed.

4. 3) Centrioles Function Structure help coordinate cell division
only in animal cells
Structure
one pair in each cell

5. 4) lysosome Function digest food clean up & recycle Structure
used to make energy
clean up & recycle
digest broken organelles
Structure
membrane sac of digestive enzymes
4) lysosome
lysosomes
digesting broken organelles
vacuole
small food particle
digesting food

6. 5) cell/plasma membrane
phosphate “head”
Function
separates cell from outside
controls what enters or leaves cell
O2, CO2, food, H2O, nutrients, waste
recognizes signals from other cells
allows communication between cells
Structure
double layer of fat
phospholipid bilayer
receptor molecules
proteins that receive signals
lipid “tail”

7. (Between nucleus and cell membrane)
6) cytoplasm
Image from:
(Between nucleus and cell membrane)
Includes
ORGANELLES-
and
CYTOSOL-semi-fluid “goo”
Image from:

8. 7) Mitochondria ATP Function Structure in both animal & plant cells
make ATP energy from cellular respiration
sugar + O2  ATP
fuels the work of life
Structure
double membrane
ATP
in both animal & plant cells

9. 8) Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
SER is called “smooth” because it lacks ribosomes. They function to synthesize and store lipids and steroids.
smooth ER
makes membranes

10. 9) flagellum
long whip-like structure that extends from the surface of a cell. There can be one flagellum or many flagella. Flagella are used to propel an organism forward through a liquid medium.

11. 10) Cytoskeleton
Network of protein fibers supporting cell shape and anchoring organelles
Microtubules
Microfilaments

12. 11) Nuclear Pores
channels through the nuclear membrane that allow certain substances to be transported between the nucleoplasm and the cytoplasm outside of the nucleus.
they also allow important proteins and molecules from the cytoplasm to enter the nucleus.

13. 12) Nuclear Membrane
semipermeable double membrane (it has two lipid bilayers instead of one layer like that found in the cell membrane) that surrounds and protects the nuclear contents.
controls the traffic of substances across
It contains nuclear pores.

14. 13) DNA in nucleoplasm
DNA is coiled around proteins called histones. Together the proteins + DNA form long strands called chromatin (which when condensed form chromosomes).
DNA contains sections called genes
nucleoplasm (nuclear contents)

15. 14) Nucleolus Produces ribosomal RNA
Dark spot in nucleus
Produces ribosomal RNA
Assembles ribosomes (RNA & proteins)
Image from:

16. 15) Nucleus Function Structure control center of cell protects DNA
instructions for building proteins
Structure
nuclear membrane
nucleolus
ribosome factory
chromosomes
DNA

17. 16) Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
Function
works on proteins
helps complete the proteins after ribosome builds them
makes membranes
Structure
rough ER
ribosomes attached

18. Cells need workers = proteins!
Making proteins
to run daily life & growth, the cell must…
read genes (DNA)
build proteins
structural proteins (muscle fibers, hair, skin, claws)
enzymes (speed up chemical reactions)
signals (hormones) & receptors
organelles that do this work…
nucleus
ribosomes
endoplasmic reticulum (ER)
Golgi apparatus

19. Proteins do all the work!
one of the major job of cells is to make proteins,
because…
proteins do all the work!
structural
enzymes
signals
receptors
DNA
proteins
cells

20. 17) Ribosomes Function Structure protein factories
read instructions to build proteins from DNA
Structure
some free in cytoplasm
some attached to ER
Ribosomes on ER

21. 18) Golgi Apparatus Function Structure
finishes, sorts, labels & ships proteins
like UPS headquarters
shipping & receiving department
ships proteins in vesicles
“UPS trucks”
Structure
membrane sacs
vesicles
carrying proteins
They work closely with the RER to process and package molecules (mostly proteins) and then ship these molecules throughout the cell and outside of the cell through the use of vesicles.
transport vesicles

22. 19) Golgi Vesicle Function Structure moving material around cell
storage
Structure
membrane sac
small food particle
vacuole filled w/ digestive enzymes
vesicle
vesicle filled w/ digested nutrients

23. endoplasmic reticulum nucleus
protein on its way!
DNA
TO:
RNA
vesicle
TO:
TO:
vesicle
ribosomes
TO:
protein
finished protein
Golgi apparatus
Making Proteins

24. cytoplasm
jelly-like material holding organelles in place
nucleolus
produces
ribosomes
lysosome
food digestion
garbage disposal & recycling
vacuole & vesicles
transport inside cells
storage
nucleus
protects DNA
controls cell
chromosomes
DNA
mitochondria
make ATP energy from sugar + O2
cell membrane
cell boundary
controls movement of materials in & out
recognizes signals

25. cytoplasm
jelly-like material holding organelles in place
nucleolus
produces
ribosomes
lysosome
food digestion
garbage disposal & recycling
vacuole & vesicles
transport inside cells
storage
nucleus
protects DNA
controls cell
mitochondria
make ATP energy from sugar + O2
ribosomes
build proteins
cell membrane
cell boundary
controls movement of materials in & out
recognizes signals

26. cytoplasm
jelly-like material holding organelles in place
lysosome
food digestion
garbage disposal & recycling
vacuole & vesicles
transport inside cells
storage
nucleus
protects DNA
controls cell
mitochondria
make ATP energy from sugar + O2
ribosomes
builds proteins ER
works on proteins
makes membranes
cell membrane
cell boundary
controls movement of materials in & out
recognizes signals

27. cytoplasm
jelly-like material holding organelles in place
lysosome
food digestion
garbage disposal & recycling
vacuole & vesicles
transport inside cells
storage
nucleus
protects DNA
controls cell
mitochondria
make ATP energy from sugar + O2
ribosomes
builds proteins ER
helps finish proteins
makes membranes
Golgi apparatus
finishes, packages & ships proteins
cell membrane
cell boundary
controls movement of materials in & out
recognizes signals

28. nucleolus
make ribosomes
endoplasmic reticulum
processes proteins
makes membranes
nucleus
control cell
protects DNA
ribosomes
make proteins
cytoplasm
jelly-like material
around organelles
central vacuole
storage: food, water or waste
Golgi apparatus
finish & ship proteins
cell wall
support
mitochondria
make ATP in cellular respiration
lysosome
digestion & clean up
chloroplast
make ATP & sugars in photosynthesis
cell membrane
cell boundary
controls movement of materials in & out
recognizes signals

29. Cell Summary Cells have 3 main jobs make energy make proteins
need food + O2
cellular respiration & photosynthesis
need to remove wastes
make proteins
need instructions from DNA
need to chain together amino acids & “finish” & “ship” the protein
make more cells
need to copy DNA & divide it up to daughter cells
Our organelles do all those jobs!

30. Cells need to make more cells!
Making more cells
to replace, repair & grow, the cell must…
copy their DNA
make extra organelles
divide the new DNA & new organelles between 2 new “daughter” cells
organelles that do this work…
nucleus
centrioles

31. cytoplasm
jelly-like material holding organelles in place
lysosome
food digestion
garbage disposal & recycling
vacuole & vesicles
transport inside cells
storage
nucleus
protects DNA
controls cell
centrioles
cell division
ribosomes
builds proteins ER
helps finish proteins
makes membranes
mitochondria
make ATP energy from sugar + O2
Golgi apparatus
finishes, packages & ships proteins
cell membrane
cell boundary
controls movement of materials in & out
recognizes signals

32. Eukaryotic Cells
Image
Image

33. Eukaryotic Cells: Plant & Animal Cells
I wonder how many differences there are between plant and animal cells?
That’s a good question because we look different, but I think we have a lot of the same parts!
But don’t forget that fungi and protists are eukaryotes too!
Image

34. What organelles does this plant cell have in common with the animal cell?

35. 1) plasmodesma
Channels between neighboring plant cells that allow substances to be transported between them.

36. PLASTIDS CHLOROPLASTS- contain pigment chlorophyll for photosynthesis
CHROMOPLASTS- contain pigments that give fruits and flowers colors
AMYLOPLASTS- store starch (amylose) in roots and tubers (colorless)

37. PLASTID – synthesizes and stores starch
2) amyloplast
PLASTID – synthesizes and stores starch

38. 6) Tonoplast
semipermeable membrane surrounding a vacuole – helps regulate what goes into and out of the vacuole

39. 7) Large Central Vacuole
Largest organelle in most plants
Stores water, ions and waste
Provides TURGOR pressure – pushing
gainst the inside of the cell wall, giving
cell it’s shape.
Wilted, dehydrated plants are not
TURGID – lost pressure and appear
deflated.

40. Chloroplasts DOUBLE MEMBRANE “Solar Power Plants”
– site for photosynthesis in plants
DOUBLE MEMBRANE
“Solar Power Plants”
Contain the pigment chlorophyll
Thylakoids – membrane sacs containing light-capturing pigments

41. 22) CELL WALL Outside cell membrane
22) CELL WALL
Outside cell membrane
Supports and protects cell plants- Cellulose makes it “sturdy”
Bacteria- have peptidoglycan instead

42. Nuclear Envelope, Nucleus Ribosomes Endoplasmic Reticulum vacuoles
Plant
Cells
Animal
Cells
Cell membrane
Golgi Apparatus
Mitochondria
Nucleolus
Nuclear Envelope, Nucleus
Ribosomes
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Many large
vacuoles
Chloroplast
Small
vacuole
Cell Wall
Centrioles

43. Eukaryotic Cells: Plant & Animal Cells
Wow, we have more things in common than I thought! We might look a lot different on the outside, but when we are put under a microscope…
…we have a lot of the same organelles!
Image