1. ORGANIC COMPOUNDS

2. Organic Compounds Carbohydrates
These compounds get their name “organic” because they are found in organisms (living things)
Carbohydrates
Lipids
Nucleic acids
Proteins
Carbon (C), Hydrogen (H), and Oxygen (O)
What are the 4 types of organic compounds?
What are all 4 made up of?
**IT MUST HAVE CARBON TO BE ORGANIC

3. Structure, Energy, Sugar
CARBOHYDRATES
INFO
Structure:
C:H:O = 1:2:1
glucose
Function:
Structure, Energy, Sugar
Carbs are broken down into simple sugars by our digestive system!

4. LIPIDS INFO Structure: Glycerol + Fatty acid chain
Function: Energy Storage, Cell Membrane, Insulation
*Stores the MOST ENERGY
Lipids= Fats H
H-C----O
glycerol O
C-CH2--CH2--CH3 = O
C-CH2--CH2-CH3 = O
C-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH
=CH-CH2-CH3 =

5. NUCLEIC ACID INFO Structure:
Made up of nucleotides: phosphate group, sugar, nitrogenous bases
Function: Stores genetic information

6. PROTEIN INFO Structure:
Contains C, H, O, N
Made up of amino acids
Function: Structure, Chemical Reactions, Antibodies
Enzyme= can speed up the rate of a reaction
Example of a protein

7. REVIEW 1. Q: What are the 4 types of organic compounds?
A: Proteins, lipids (fats), carbohydrates, Nucleic acids
2. Q: Which organic molecule stores the most energy?
A: Lipids (Fats)
3. Q: Which organic compound stores our genetic information?
A: Nucleic acids

8. Acids and Bases

9. Acids An acid is a substance that: Tastes sour (dangerous)
Oily feeling (dangerous)
Reacts with metals
Corrosive
All contain Hydrogen
Any compound beginning with H is acid except water (H2O) and peroxide (H2O2)

10. Acids Caution: Common Acids Wash with water if it gets on you
Never smell
Don’t taste!!
Common Acids
Lactic Acid = Buttermilk
Acetic Acid = Vinegar
Citric Acid = Oranges
Carbonic Acid = Cokes (carbonated water)

11. Bases A base is a substance that: Tastes bitter (dangerous)
Slippery feeling (dangerous)
Dissolves fats, oils, wool, & hair (lye)
Neutralizes acids to form salt and water.
All have Hydroxides (OH)

12. Bases Common Bases NH4OH = Ammonia NaOH = Lye
Mg(OH)2 = Milk of Magnesia, Rolaids, Tums
NaHCO3 = Sodium Bicarbonate: Baking Soda

13. pH Scale
The pH scale is a range of values from 0-14 that tells the concentration of Hydrogen ions in a solution.
0 = Most Acidic
7 = Neutral
14 = Most Basic

15. How do we know the pH of a substance?
pH Strips: turn various colors based on acid or base it touches- we used these in yesterday’s lab