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High Capacity Data Hiding for Grayscale Images
Author: Chin-Chen Chang, Yung-Chen Chou and The Duc Kieu Speaker: Yung-Chen Chou
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Outline Introduction Zhang and Wang’s method The proposed method
Experimental result Conclusions Yung-Chen Chou
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Introduction Sender Receiver Stego-Image Stego-Image Host Image
Secret data: Secret data: Yung-Chen Chou
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Introduction (cont.) Data hiding: Requirement: Spatial domain
Frequency domain Compression domain Requirement: Low distortion High capacity Yung-Chen Chou
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Zhang and Wang’s method
12 19 15 23 79 54 55 11 20 21 24 10 9 Translate binary secret message to (2n+1)-ary notification system image Secret data: … 01112 125 01012 105 Yung-Chen Chou
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Zhang and Wang’s method (cont.)
Extracting function: n=2 19 12 19 13 12 19 15 23 79 54 55 11 20 21 24 10 9 f(13,19)=(13+19*2) mod 5 = 1 f(11,19)=(11+19*2) mod 5 = 4 f(12,19)=(12+19*2) mod 5 = 0 f(12,18)=(12+18*2) mod 5 = 3 f(12,20)=(12+20*2) mod 5 = 2 19 13 11 18 12 20 image x1 x2 … … 1 3 4 2 : 20 19 18 Secret data: 125 Yung-Chen Chou
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Zhang and Wang’s method (cont.)
2 x1 x2 … … 3 1 4 : 22 21 20 n=2 13 19 15 21 79 54 55 11 20 12 24 10 9 21 15 f(16,21)=(16+21*2) mod 5 = 3 f(14,21)=(14+21*2) mod 5 = 1 f(15,21)=(15+21*2) mod 5 = 2 f(15,20)=(15+20*2) mod 5 = 0 f(15,22)=(15+22*2) mod 5 = 4 21 16 14 20 15 22 image Low embedding rate Secret data: 125 Yung-Chen Chou
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The proposed method Magic matrix construction Extracting function:
f(0,0)=(0+0*2) mod 5 = 0 f(1,0)=(1+0*2) mod 5 = 1 : f(2, 1)=(2+1*2) mod 5 = 4 : f(3,252)=(3+252*2) mod 5 = 2 : f(252,3)=(252+3*2) mod 5 = 3 : Yung-Chen Chou
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The proposed method (cont.)
x1 = 2 x2 = 255-x1 = 253 2 3 15 23 79 54 55 11 20 21 12 24 10 9 4 x1=3 x2=255-x1 = 252 Secret data: … 01112 125 01012 105 image Yung-Chen Chou
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The proposed method (cont.)
Data extraction f(4, 255-4) = (4+251*2) mod 5 = 1 4 3 15 23 79 54 55 11 20 21 12 24 10 9 f(3, 255-3) = (3+252*2) mod 5 = 2 Stego-image 125=01112 Yung-Chen Chou
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Experimental Results The proposed method embeds two secret bits per pixel Zhang and Wang’s method using two pixels to embed two secret bits Yung-Chen Chou
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Experimental results Original image Stego-image with 524288
bits secret message Yung-Chen Chou
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Conclusions The proposed method embeds one digit into one pixel.
We provide a simple and efficient data embedding method to achieve secret message delivery purpose with high capacity. Yung-Chen Chou
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