1. Multimedia Training Kit
Antenna
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Antenna
In a wireless system, antennas are used to convert electrical waves into electromagnetic waves.
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Antenna Gain
The amount of energy the antenna can ‘boost’ the sent and received signal by is referred to as the antennas gain.
Antenna gain is measured in:
dBi - relative to an isotropic radiator
dBd - relative to a dipole radiator
The relationship between dBd and dBi can be represented in the following equation
0 dBd = 2.15 dBi
In most cases, we use dBi as our antenna gain measurement.
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Antenna Type
Access Point
Omnidirectional
Sectoral Antenna
Client or Point To Point
Yagi
Parabolic Reflector
Tin Can Antenna
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At the Access Point
Omnidirectional Antenna
Sectoral Antenna
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6. Omnidirectional Antenna
Omnidirectional antennas have normally a 360-degree RF radiation from it.
It is normally vertically polarized E-field.
Omnidirectional antenna gain is normally low around 3 to 12 dBi.
It is used for Point-to-Multi-Point (P2MP) links.
It is quite good for 1-5 km coverage, especially if the client uses high gain directional antenna.
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7. Omnidirectional Antenna
Ref: RFLinx
Model RFDG dBi.
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8. Omnidirectional Antenna
Ref: YDI.COM
Mode: A2408, A2412-D, A2412-O gain 8 dBi and 12 dBi.
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9. Omnidirectional Antenna
Ref: Evercom Taiwan
Model OM88LNF 12dBi length 121cm
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10. Omnidirectional Antenna
Ref:
Homebrew 6 dBi antenna 75 cm length
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Sectoral Antenna
Sectoral is used for the Access Point to serve a Point-to-Multi-Point (P2MP) links.
Some sectoral antennas are vertically polarized, some horizontally polarized.
It has higher gain of dBi.
Good for serving an area of 6-8 km distances.
It has narrow horizontal beam-width to about degree.
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Sectoral Antenna
Ref: YDI.COM
Model A2.45LP14 vertically polarized 180 deg. sectoral antenna.
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Sectoral Antenna
Ref: Evercom Taiwan
Model FG-Panel-56LB 19dBi
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Sectoral Antenna
Ref:
Homebrew 16 dBi sectoral.
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15. At Client / Point To Point
Parabolic Antenna
Flat Panel Antenna
Tincan Antenna
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16. Radome Enclosed Antenna
Ref: YDI.COM
Model P dBi.
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Yagi Antenna
Ref: Kenbotong Communication Ltd. Taiwan
Model TDJ-2400C15 Gain 13 dBi
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Parabolic Antenna
Ref: RFLinx
Model RFL-MANT19 & RFL-MANT24.
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Parabolic Antenna
Ref: Tongyu Communication Equipment Co Ltd. , Guangdong, China
Model PST-2424C-08-GS High Gain 24 dBi Grid Parabolic
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Flat Panel Antenna
Ref: YDI.COM
Model FP12 & FP18, 12 & 18 dBi.
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Backhaul Antenna
High Gain Antennas for Long Range
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Antenna Polarization
Electromagnetic radio signal propagate through the air in two polarizations, electric field (E-field) or magnetic field (H-field), crossing 90-degree each other. An antenna polarization is relative to the E-field of antenna.
If the E-field is horizontal, than the antenna is Horizontally Polarized.
If the E-field is vertical, than the antenna is Vertically Polarized.
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Antenna Polarization
No matter what polarity you choose, all antennas in the same RF network must be polarized identically regardless of the antenna type.
Using a correct polarized antenna, it would be possible for us to:
Increase isolation on unwanted signal source. Cross polarization (x-pol) discrimination is around dB.
Reducing interference.
Defining coverage area.
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Antenna Polarization
Horizontally Polarized.
Vertically Polarized.
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