1. JACKSON DISCUSSION

2. 1. Who were the “five civilized tribes”?
Cherokee, Choctaw, Seminole, Creek, Chickasaw
“civilized” because they had begun to adopt white culture

4. 2. What did the Indian Removal Act call for, and why did Jackson support it?
Government provided money to negotiate treaties to force Native Americans to move west.
Why Jackson supported it -
Planters and miners wanted the land
Thought assimilation wouldn’t work
Would need too many troops to keep whites off their land

6. 3. What did the court decide in Worcester v. Georgia?
Cherokee won recognition as a distinct political community
Ruled that Georgia was not entitle to regulate the Cherokee, couldn’t invade their lands

7. 4. What was Jackson’s response to the ruling?

8. 5. Why is this forced removal referred to as the Trail of Tears?
Thousands of Native Americans died on the forced 800 mile trip
Winter, not enough food, their money and livestock were stolen
Forced onto inferior land in the west

10. Democratic-Republican Party
Early political party
Became today’s Democratic Party
Party of the common man

11. Spoils system Policy that was very much supported by Jackson
Fire government workers and replace them with people who are loyal to you and your party
Jackson fired 10% of federal employees

13. NULLIFICATION CONFLICT
Key Players:
JOHN C. CALHOUN (SOUTH CAROLINA) - JACKSON’S VICE PRESIDENT
HENRY CLAY (KENTUCKY)
ANDREW JACKSON
WEBSTER-HAYNE (DEBATE THE ISSUE IN CONGRESS)

14. NULLIFICATION CONFLICT
KEY EVENTS:
TARIFF OF ABOMINATIONS PASSED
CALHOUN DEVELOPED NULLIFICATION THEORY
WEBSTER-HAYNE DEBATE
CONGRESS PASSED TARIFF OF 1832 (LOWER)
SC DECLARED BOTH TARIFFS NULL AND VOID
CONGRESS PASSED FORCE BILL – COULD USE ARMY TO FORCE PAYMENT
CLAY WORKED OUT COMPROMISE

16. NULLIFICATION CONFLICT
CAUSES:
STATES’ RIGHTS = HEART OF THE CRISIS
ECONOMIC DIFFERENCES BETWEEN NORTH AND SOUTH
TARIFF VIEWED AS HELPING THE NORTH AND HURTING THE SOUTH (PROTECTED NORTHERN INDUSTRIES, INCREASED PRICE OF GOODS IN THE SOUTH)
JACKSON BELIEVED THE UNION WAS MORE IMPORTANT THAN STATES’ RIGHTS

17. NULLIFICATION CONFLICT
RESULTS:
CLAY’S COMPROMISE GRADUALLY LOWERED THE TARIFF OVER 10 YEARS
THIS CONTROLLED THE CRISIS

18. BANK OF THE U.S. CONFLICT KEY PLAYERS: JACKSON BIDDLE (BANK PRESIDENT)
CLAY/WEBSTER – MAKE THE BANK A POLITICAL ISSUE, BRING IT UP FOR RECHARTER 4 YEARS EARLY

20. BANK OF THE U.S. CONFLICT KEY EVENTS:
CLAY AND WEBSTER INTRODUCE BANK RECHARTER (4 YEARS EARLY)
JACKSON VETOES IT
TAKES U.S. MONEY OUT AND PUT IT IN PET BANKS (STATE BANKS)
BIDDLE CALLED IN LOANS TO SAVE THE BANK, REFUSED TO MAKE NEW LOANS
CHARTER EXPIRED

22. BANK OF THE U.S. CONFLICT CAUSES: DEEP DISAGREEMENTS ABOUT THE BANK
FAVORED THE RICH?
DISTRUST BANK/RESENT IT

23. BANK OF THE U.S. CONFLICT RESULTS:
BANK OF THE U.S. BECAME JUST ANOTHER BANK, EVENTUALLY CLOSED
JACKSON WAS CRICTICIZED – ACCUSED OF ABUSING HIS POWER
WHIG PARTY FORMED
ECONOMIC PROBLEMS