1. Volume 119, Issue 4, Pages 1019-1028 (October 2000)
Environmental stress–induced gastrointestinal permeability is mediated by endogenous glucocorticoids in the rat 
Jon B. Meddings, M.G. Swain 
Gastroenterology 
Volume 119, Issue 4, Pages (October 2000)
DOI: /gast
Copyright © 2000 American Gastroenterological Association Terms and Conditions

2. Fig. 1
Gastrointestinal permeability after arrival. (A) Gastric, (B) small intestinal, and (C) intestinal permeability, as described in Results. Permeability was determined sequentially in the same group of animals on arrival to the animal care facility and weekly for 3 weeks. A significant reduction in permeability was observed with acclimatization in all regions of the gastrointestinal tract. *P < 0.05 vs. day 0.
Gastroenterology  , DOI: ( /gast )
Copyright © 2000 American Gastroenterological Association Terms and Conditions

3. Fig. 2
Gastrointestinal permeability after stress. (A–C) The same format as in Figure 1. However, the animals had all been acclimatized as described in Results. Permeability was determined either at baseline or after either restraint or swimming. One week after the stress episode, permeability was determined again (Post Stress). Significant increases in permeability were observed with stress (see text for details). (D) Lactulose-sucralose ratio for the same animals. A decrease in this ratio is observed when colonic permeability increases to a greater extent than small intestinal permeability. *P < 0.05 vs. baseline; **P < 0.05 vs. both baseline and restraint stress.
Gastroenterology  , DOI: ( /gast )
Copyright © 2000 American Gastroenterological Association Terms and Conditions

4. Fig. 3
Stress-induced permeability and corticosterone alterations. (A) Alterations observed in gastric permeability either on arrival or after acclimatization or stress. (B) Plasma corticosterone concentrations after the same events. The pattern of increased gastric permeability is mirrored by the increases in plasma corticosterone concentrations. *P < 0.05 vs. acclimatized time point; **P < 0.05 vs. acclimatized and restraint point.
Gastroenterology  , DOI: ( /gast )
Copyright © 2000 American Gastroenterological Association Terms and Conditions

5. Fig. 4
Stress-induced permeability alterations in adrenalectomized animals. The format for this figure is identical to Figure 2 with the exception that the lactulose-sucralose ratio is not shown. No increase in permeability after stress was observed in these animals.
Gastroenterology  , DOI: ( /gast )
Copyright © 2000 American Gastroenterological Association Terms and Conditions

6. Fig. 5
Stress-induced permeability alterations in sham-operated animals. The data for this figure are identical to those in Figure 4, but the animals underwent a sham operation as described in the text. *P < 0.05 vs. control time point.
Gastroenterology  , DOI: ( /gast )
Copyright © 2000 American Gastroenterological Association Terms and Conditions

7. Fig. 6
Glucocorticoid receptor blockade. Acclimatized animals were studied before (■) and after (▩) swimming stress. Animals received either RU-486 or vehicle before swimming as described. Permeability measurements are presented in the same format as in Figure 4. Significant increases are apparent in vehicle-treated animals but not in those receiving RU-486. *P < 0.05 vs. baseline determination.
Gastroenterology  , DOI: ( /gast )
Copyright © 2000 American Gastroenterological Association Terms and Conditions

8. Fig. 7
Effect of dexamethasone on permeability. Acclimatized animals were studied either before or after dexamethasone or vehicle administration as described in the text. Permeability data are in the same format as in Figure 4. Significant increases in permeability were apparent after dexamethasone but not saline. *P < 0.05 vs. baseline.
Gastroenterology  , DOI: ( /gast )
Copyright © 2000 American Gastroenterological Association Terms and Conditions

9. Fig. 8
Effect of stress on FITC–dextran 10,000 uptake and clearance. Data represent the fractional excretion of the probe from 10 animals after either acclimatization or subsequent to swimming stress. In each case, 100 mg of the probe was given to each animal and urine collected for 24 hours. *P < 0.05 vs. control.
Gastroenterology  , DOI: ( /gast )
Copyright © 2000 American Gastroenterological Association Terms and Conditions