1. Early Settlements and Cities

2. obsidian
oasis
import
export
complex society
ziggurat
city- state
civilization

3. Obsidian: Volcanic black rock used by ancient people to make tools.

4. Oasis: A place in the desert that has a dependable source of water.

5. import: Goods brought in from another country.

6. export: Goods sent to another country for sale.

7. Complex society: A social system with a reliable food source, with established laws, customs and job specialization.

8. Ziggurat: A tall stepped tower built by the ancient Sumerians as a temple to a god.

9. City- state: A city and all the surrounding farm land.

10. Civilization: A population with ways of governing, forms of religion and centers of learning.

11. Developed forms of religion
Ways of governing
Civilization
Developed forms of religion
Centers of learning

12. FERTILE CRESCENT It lies in South West Asia.
It extends from Israel (occupied Palestine) through Lebanon and Syria, all the way to the Persian Gulf.
Some of the villages are among the oldest in the world.

13. JERICHO
It was located in what is now known called as West Bank.

14. JERICHO One of the oldest settlements.
It was an important trading center.

15. Jericho Early people were traders
They traded extra grain for obsidian.
Obsidian was used as a tool and a mirror.

16. Jericho Jericho was built on an oasis.
The oasis provided traders and nomadic herders with water and a place to rest.

17. Jericho
Water was a very important resource so the people built walls around the settlement to protect the water supply.

18. Jericho The people also built walls for protection.
They built walls to protect floodwaters from their settlements

19. Jericho
It was one of the world’s oldest settlements but it did not last.
The people abandoned their settlements and experts do not know why.

20. Give 2 reasons why the people of Jericho built walls around their settlement

21. Çatal HÜyÜk Çatal HüyÜk is also an abandoned settlement.
It is located in Turkey.

23. Çatal HÜyÜk
The people of Çatal HÜyÜk were involved in both hunting and farming.

24. The houses were very close together, and didn't’t have doors.
Çatal HÜyÜk
The houses were very close together, and didn't’t have doors.
The people entered their houses through the roofs.

26. Çatal HÜyÜk The people were involved in importing and exporting.
The lives of the people was very short.

28. One of the world’s first cities was along the banks of two rivers (Tigris and Euphrates)
The area where the cities were built was known as Mesopotamia (an area between two rivers)

29. Ur
The city of Ur was located in Mesopotamia.

30. Ur The people had many specialized jobs.
They lived in rectangular houses made of mud bricks and stone.

31. Ur became a strong city- state by taking control of nearby farming villages