1. Environmental Protection Expenditure Accounts
Sacha Baud
Directorate Spatial Statistics
Vienna
24 – 27 September 2012
Data sources

2. Structural Business Statistics
D EPEA - data sources
COFOG
Budget analysis
Structural Business Statistics
PRODCOM, STS
EGSS
Specific surveys
Other data sources

3. EPEA - data sources Classification of functions of government (COFOG)
In National Accounts the transactions of general government are classified by functions. One of these main functions is dedicated to environment. Most output of EP services of GG could be covered.

4. EPEA - data sources
Classification of functions of government (COFOG) (cont.)
Transactions are allocated based on the purpose. Environmental protection expenditure or multi-purpose activities can be classified under a different main function. Therefore other COFOG positions could also be relevant, e.g.
Overall planning and statistical services
Agriculture
Multi-purpose development projects
It could also be the case that COFOG is not detailed enough.
In both cases it is necessary to carry out a specific analysis of the national accounts data.
In any case a cooperation with national accounts experts is appreciated because they can provide necessary data in an adequate structure.

5. EPEA - data sources Budget analysis
An alternative to national accounts data which some disadvantages.
Applying budget analysis implies the investigation of each budget line of the budgets of all government units (ministries, provinces, municipalities).
But the classification of budget lines differs from National Accounts classification, often information about the purpose of transactions in not (sufficiently) available, budget lines can have several purposes (a split is necessary). So this work is quite difficult and time intensive and it is doubtful whether environmental protection expenditure of General Government can be compiled in a way which is fully compatible with National Accounts.

6. EPEA - data sources Structural Business Statistics (SBS)
Based on surveys SBS provides data for the enterprises of the manufacturing and service industries (NACE rev. 2, sections B to N; excluding “Public administration, compulsory social security“, “Education”, “Human health and social work activities”, “Arts entertainment and recreation” and “Other service activities”).
Main variables are:
Demographic variables: Number of enterprises
Input variables: persons employed, number of employees, personnel expenditure, investment
Output variables: Revenues and income, turnover, production value, value added at factor costs, gross operating surplus

7. EPEA - data sources Structural Business Statistics (SBS) (cont.)
Important for EPEA:
Investment in equipment and plant for pollution control and special anti- pollution accessories (mainly 'end-of-pipe' equipment)
Investment in equipment and plant linked to cleaner technologies (”integrated technology”)
Total current expenditure on environmental protection
Each is broken down into protection of ambient air and climate, wastewater management, waste management and other environmental protection activities, but only for manufacturing industry.
Output data for specialised producers of NACE 37 to 39 and non-specialised producers (estimation bases on shares)
Legal base for SBS is Regulation (EC) No. 295/2008 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 2008 concerning structural business statistics.

8. EPEA - data sources
Industry commodity statistics (PRODCOM) – Short term statistics (STS)
Industry commodity classification PRODCOM allows for the identification of the production of environmental goods. This information is at least in Austria surveyed via the short term statistics surveys in industry and construction (NACE rev. 2, sections B to F).
These results are used in Austria to estimate household environmental expenditure (among other statistical data sources) via purchase of environmental goods.
Environmental Goods and Services Sector (EGSS)
EGSS is an environmental account, which is at the moment voluntary but should become compulsory in the near future.
It provides data on the production of environmental technologies, goods and services.These data can be used as input for the production and use of characteristic services.

9. EPEA - data sources Specific surveys
In addition to the already mentioned data sources it is possible and sometimes necessary to carry out specific surveys.
Voluntary Austrian surveys:
Survey on environmental protection expenditure of manufacturing industry
Sample survey (3000 enterprises of NACE rev. 2, sections B to F) on current expenditure and investment for environmental protection.
Survey on environmental protection expenditure of service industries
Sample survey (3000 enterprises of NACE rev. 2, sections G to S except public sector) on current expenditure and investment for environmental protection.
Survey on environmental services of service industries (producer of environmental services)
Sample survey (3000 enterprises with focus on most probable industries)

12. EPEA - data sources Specific surveys (cont.)
Survey on environmental services of service industries (producer of environmental services)
At first trial to survey a broad list of service industries – limited success.
Therefore focus on a short list of service industries, which were identified as relevant for environmental services, i.e. NACE 711, 712, 721 and 749.
Questions:
Main activity of the company
Provision of environmental services
Share of environmental services in turnover and employment
Environmental exports
Kind of environmental services (main activity, further services)
Share of each environmental service in environmental turnover and environmental employment

13. EPEA - data sources Other data sources
Analysis of business reports for covering specialised producers of the sector „Non profit institutions serving households“.
Evaluation reports of organic farming support programmes