1. World War I

2. Unit Goal This will be an essay test. No notes will be allowed.
List and describe the causes of the First World War. Then describe how the war began. Who was to blame?
Describe how the First World War ended. Identify and explain the difficulties in the peace process that would lead to another war.

3. Causes of the First World War
Imperialism
Militarism
Hiram Maxim – Machine Gun
Naval arms race between Britain and Germany

4. Machine Guns: Arms Race

5. Machine Guns: Arms Race

6. HMS Dreadnought: Naval Arms Race

7. HMS Queen Elizabeth: Naval Arms Race

8. Battleships: Naval Arms Race

9. Causes of the First World War
Nationalism
Tensions between new states
Tensions between various ethnic groups
Alliance System

10. Alliances Resulted from the Franco-Prussian War of 1870
Triple Entente: France, Russia, Britain
Britain only pledged to the defense of Belgium

11. Alliances Triple Alliance Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy
All major nations will also have alliances with the smaller nations: Russia and Serbia, Britain and Belgium

12. Events Leading to World War I
Murder of the Archduke Franz Ferdinand, heir to the throne of Austria-Hungary

13. Austria Hungary
Created in 1867 because of a nationalist revolt in Hungary
2 nations ruled by the same man
Foreign policy and military are run jointly
Ruled by the Emperor Franz Joseph (r )

14. Franz-Joseph
Hapsburg
Family ruled southeast Europe and the Balkans

15. The Balkans
The Balkans, the southeastern corner of Europe, were called the “Powder Keg of Europe”

16. Emperor Franz Josef

17. Franz Ferdinand and Family

18. Serbia
Created in 1878
Wanted to unite southeast Europe under her control – Greater Serbia
Used terrorism
Created the Black Hand
Gavrilo Princep shot the Archduke in Sarajevo on June 28, 1914

19. Franz Ferdinand Arriving in Sarajevo

20. Franz Ferdinand and Sophie

21. Franz Ferdinand’s Final Photo

22. Gavrilo Princep

23. Princep’s Apprehension

24. Murder Site

26. War Begins Murder brings in all the alliances
Germany puts the Schlieffen Plan into effect

27. The Schlieffen Plan Plan to fight Russia and France at the same time
Based on railroad timetables
Take out France first, then turn around and attack Russia
Because France was attacked, Russia attacked Germany

28. The attack through Belgium brought Britain into the war
Attack quickly bogged down.
First Battle of the Marne, September 1914
Race to the Sea
Trench Warfare by October

29. Sides in the War Central Powers
Germany, Austria-Hungary, Ottoman Empire, Bulgaria
Allies
Britain, France, Russia (left in 1918), Italy, (joined 1915), United States (joined 1917), Japan

32. New Weapons

34. Artillery

35. Railroad Guns

36. Tanks (Little Willie)

37. St. Chamond

38. Whippet

39. Renault Tank

41. Spad

42. Sopwith Pup

43. Albatross D

44. Handley-Page Bomber

45. Airships

46. Zeppleins

47. Submarines

48. U-Boats

49. U-9

50. Leaders

51. David Lloyd George

52. Georges Clemenceau

53. Vittorio Orlando

54. Woodrow Wilson

55. Kaiser Wilhelm II

56. Tsar Nicholas II

57. End of World War I April 1917 United States enters the war
Unrestricted Submarine Warfare
February 1918
Russia signs the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk and leaves the war

58. The Fourteen Points By late October Germany was ready to surrender.
Surrender offer based on U.S. peace plan, the Fourteen Points
Peace plan created with no input from the Allies

59. The Fourteen Points An end to all secret treaties.
Freedom of the seas for all nations.
Removal of all economic barriers.
Reduction of national armaments.
Fair adjustment of colonial claims.

60. The Fourteen Points
Establishment of a “general association of nations.”
Plan rejected by the Allies
Britain and France wanted revenge

61. End of World War I U.S troops enter battle in August, 1918.
Germany asks for an armistice in early November.
Armistice takes effect on November 11, 1918 at 11 AM.

62. The Treaty of Versailles
Peace treaty that ended World War I.
Germany forced to sign the treaty.
Germany blamed for starting the war.
Germany had to make reparations to the Allies.

63. The Treaty of Versailles
Germany lost territory.
Germany stripped of colonies.
Army limited to 100,000.
Not allowed to have tanks and airplanes.
Could not manufacture large weapons.

64. The Treaty of Versailles
Treaty caused huge resentment.
Other treaties:
Austria-Hungary split into two nations
New nation created in Eastern Europe.

66. Europe 1914

67. Europe 1919

68. Reparations Cycle Germany Britain/France United States Reparations
Loans
War Loans

69. In October 1929, the New York Stock Market crashed.
Destroyed the cycle.