1. 2008 WORLD MIGRATION
Managing Labour Mobility in the Evolving Global Economy
WORLD BANK
Washington DC
19 March 2009

2. What’s in the WMR 2008? Part A: Snapshot and analysis
Contemporary patterns of mobility linked to economic purposes
Mosaic of independent studies by specialist researchers
Part B: Working tool
Inventory of policy elements for the development of strategic responses
Most written in house

3. What’s in the WMR 2008? Regional overviews and maps
Migrant portraits: the individual experiences

4. 1. Human mobility
Characteristic, defining feature of present-day world
Part and consequence of globalization

5. Choice
Model of economic development
Growth

6. Globalization – generates mobility
Capital
Services
Goods
States have freed capital, goods, services
Made a decision for greater mobility
Globalization – generates mobility

7. People will follow

8. more diverse and more inter-related than in the past
2. Patterns of contemporary mobility:
more diverse and more inter-related than in the past
- Short-term, or long-term
- Uni-directional or circular
- Regular or irregular
- Internal or international

9. People seek to move for variety of reasons: personal, family social, business or work (or combination of)
Opportunities to move, frequently limited
Particularly for low and semi-skilled workers

10. Highly Skilled Migration
Realms of mobility
Highly Skilled Migration
Low- and Semi-skilled Migration
Irregular Migration
10-15%*
of total flows
Study Abroad
Internal Migration
Tourism
Family Migration
*ILO Estimates

11. Realms of mobility
Mobility Categories
No Fixed Boundaries

12. Highly Skilled Migration
3. Centrality of Work
Tourism
Low- and Semi-Skilled Migration
Study Abroad
Highly Skilled Migration
Work
Irregular Migration
Internal Migration
Family Migration

13. Interconnectedness/Interdependence
4. Labour market dynamics increasingly operating across international borders:
More countries having entered or entering world economy
Markets more open to international trade and capital flows
Workforce more integrated into the world economy
Interconnectedness/Interdependence

14. Globalization changes the way enterprises do business
- International network of enterprises
- Global assembly lines for production of goods
- Resort to global sourcing of services
- Creates demand for increased labour mobility

15. Policies and procedures: flexible and adaptable
5. Required: planned and predictable ways of matching demand and supply
Policies and procedures: flexible and adaptable
- Short-term, circular, long-term or permanent labour mobility
Phenomena being dealt with: international in nature
Policies and instruments: more national/ regional in scope

16. Participation of non-state stakeholders
Policies of countries of origin and destination need to be complementary and mutually supportive
- Must achieve mutual development goals
Cooperative approaches to human resource development to meet national, regional and global objectives
Participation of non-state stakeholders
- Employers, recruitment agencies, trade unions, migrant and diaspora associations, Inter-governmental organizations

17. Labour Migration: Key Aspect of Human Mobility and Global Economy
Previously (i.e. last 3 decades of the 20th century)
Pre-eminence of asylum and irregular migration on policy agendas
Focus on protection and humanitarian assistance
Little space for comprehensive migration management
But recent shift in policy perspectives
Realization that tackling isolated migration issues such as integration or return not very effective
Economic impact of labour migration on countries of origin through remittance flows

18. Countries of Origin Deployment of workers abroad
Human resource development
Elements of an optimally functioning foreign employment policy
Regulation of private employment/ recruitment agencies
Protection of workers and provision of support services (e.g. dissemination of accurate and authoritative information, migrant welfare funds, labour attachés)
Marketing strategy
Administrative structures
International cooperation
Bilateral arrangements
Important role of Regional Consultative Processes (RCPs)

19. Countries of Destination
Meeting specific labour market needs
Migrant workers in safe, planned and predictable ways
Human resource development
Key policy issues confronting countries of destination
Assessment of the need for foreign labour
Design of foreign labour admission policies
Post-admission policies, including labour market regulation and protection
Rights of migrant workers
Economic and social integration of newcomers
Maintenance of social cohesion
Preventing/ reducing regular migration
Partnerships of key stakeholders
Importance of internal policy coherence

20. Development-friendly policies Labour migration policies
The Migration and Development Relationship
Countries of destination
Countries of origin
Development
Trade policies
Capacity building
Development-friendly policies
Diasporas
Mainstream migration and remittances into national development strategies
Labour migration policies
Common Sphere of Interests
Platform for Dialogue

21. Identification and development of linkages
Migration & Development
Migration & Employment
Migration & Trade

22. Achieving best outcomes from international, regional and bilateral cooperation
Emerging international consensus on the migration and development relationship
UN General Assembly High-Level Dialogue on International Migration and Development (HLD)
New York, September 2006
Global Forum on Migration and Development (GFMD)
Brussels, July 2007
Manila, October 2008
Important regional developments: increasing focus on labour mobility
EU immigration law policy
e.g. Proposed Blue Card and General Framework Directives
Regional Consultative Processes
e.g. Colombo Process , Abu Dhabi Dialogue

23. Cross-cutting issues Human rights and status of migrant workers
Management of interface between migrants and host community
Management of security issues
Gender dimension of migration
Migrant health

24. Databases and analytical work
Enhanced knowledge of
- Labour market trends
- Labour force profiles
- Labour migration trends
Databases and analytical work

25. Recognition of capacity-building needs
- Developing countries in particular
- Assess needs
- Formulate policy and legislation
- Improve labour migration and human resource development programmes
- Monitor and evaluate outcomes

26. Mobility Matters Isolationism, restrictive policies:
Not very efficient
Mobility Matters
Integral part of the global economy
May offer tools to address current crisis
Opportunity to forge new vision and more collaborative approaches