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Chapter 23 Cold War Domestic Reform Life in Postwar America
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Cold War Truman became president in April 1945
United Nations began April 1945
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United Nations General Assembly Security Council
U.S., Russia, Britain, France, China Secretariat
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Cold War Period of tension and intense competition
USSR intended to spread dominion throughout the world
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Cold War Eastern Europe Soviet puppet governments “Iron curtain”
Containment
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Cold War Soviets withdrew from Iran Greece and Turkey Truman Doctrine
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Cold War Western Europe Marshall Plan NATO Warsaw Pact Berlin airlift
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1949 “Year of Shocks” Communists gain control of mainland China
Chiang Kai-shek Mao Zedong
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1949 “Year of Shocks” Soviets detonate first atomic bomb
Both U.S. and USSR would develop an H- bomb
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Korean War 38th parallel Douglas MacArthur Inchon
China enters the conflict Limited war
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Korean War MacArthur relieved of command Truce reached in 1953
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Communism Eisenhower and Kennedy had goal of “peaceful coexistence”
Different from a goal of total victory
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Communism Indochina Ho Chi Minh Battle of Dien Bien Phu Ngo Dinh Diem
Domino theory
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Communism Cuba Fidel Castro Batista Bay of Pigs Cuban missile crisis
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Communism Berlin Wall Refugees had been escaping to West Berlin
Built 1961
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Fair Deal Expansion of New Deal Full employment
Republicans gain control of Congress in 1946
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Fair Deal Taft-Hartley Act passed over Truman’s veto
National Security Act
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1948 Democrats were split Left wing nominated Henry Wallace
Southerners nominated Strom Thurmond
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1948 Democrats were split “Dixiecrats”
Republicans nominated Thomas Dewey
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1948 Truman called Congress into special session “Do-nothing” Congress
Truman won in upset
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Red Scare Alger Hiss Richard Nixon Julius & Ethel Rosenberg
Loyalty program for federal employees
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Red Scare Joseph McCarthy Became increasingly irresponsible
“McCarthyism”
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Eisenhower VP: Richard Nixon Defeated Adlai Stevenson in 1952
Dynamic Conservatism
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Eisenhower Conservative in some things Expanded the New Deal
Interstate highway system
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Kennedy Defeated Nixon in 1960 Youngest elected president
1st Catholic president Debates
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Kennedy New Frontier Peace Corps Alliance for Progress
Sometimes showed a conservative bent
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Affluent Society Economy continued to grow after WWII Buying spree
Consuming Credit cards
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Affluent Society Family changes “Baby boom” Divorce rates
Dr. Benjamin Spock Baby and Child Care Women at work
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Minority Rights Civil rights movement Civil right
Brown v. Board of Education Outlawed segregated public schools
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Minority Rights Little Rock, Arkansas
Bus boycott in Montgomery, Alabama Rosa Parks Martin Luther King, Jr.
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Minority Rights “Sit-ins” “Freedom riders” March on Washington
King’s speech
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Religion Membership rose Not due to genuine spiritual revival
Ecumenical movement World and National Councils of Churches
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Religion Conservative and fundamentalist ministries grew
Old Fashioned Revival Hour Billy Graham
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