1. Chapter Eleven Innovation and Change
授課教授：任維廉老師 報告人： 許程詠

2. 自我介紹
人種：嘉義人
經歷 : 協同高中→東海工工→交大運管
嗜好 : 上網，打球
論文方向 : 利用灰色理論在遺失資料插補的應用

3. Outline Why need changes? How to change? Strategy types of changes
Implementations of changes
Q&A

4. Environmental Forces Driving the Need
More Large-Scale Changes in Organizations
Structure change Mergers, joint ventures, consortia
Strategic change Horizontal organizing, teams, networks
Culture change New technologies, products
Knowledge management, enterprise New business processes
resource planning E-business
Quality programs Learning organizations
More Threats
More domestic competition
Increased Speed
International competition
Global Changes, Competition and Markets
Technological Change
International Economic Integration
Maturation of Markets in Developed Countries
Fall of Communist and Socialist Regimes
More Opportunities
Bigger markets
Fewer barriers
More international markets

5. Changes Type of changes（變革） Elements for successful changes
Incremental changes
Radical changes
Elements for successful changes
Internal
Creativity and
Inventions
Suppliers
Professional
Associations
Consultants
Research
literature
Organization
SuppliersProfessionalAssociationsConsultantsResearchliterature: 提供專業的研究文獻
Customers Competition Legislation Regulation Labor force：顧客競爭力和規範勞動法律
Perceived Problems or Opportunities：已知的問題與機會
1. Ideas
3. Adoption
4.Implementation
2. Needs
Customers
Competition
Legislation
Regulation
Labor force
5. Resources
Perceived
Problems or
Opportunities

6. Incremental Change Radical Change
Continuous
progression
Paradigm-breaking
burst
Affect
Organizational part
Transform entire
organization
Through normal
structure and
management
processes
Create new structure
and management
Technology
improvements
Breakthrough
technology
Breakthrough 突破
Product
improvement
New products,
new markets

7. Strategic Types of Change
Leadership Vision
Product
and Service
Strategy and Structure
Culture
Technology
International Environment
The Market

8. Technology Change General Manager Using Department Creative Department
Expand capabilities —
Explore and develop new ideas
(Organic structure)
有機組織
Using Department
Exploit capabilities —
Routine application of new ideas
(Mechanistic structure)
機械組織
Corporate entrepreneurship：企業與創新
Venture teams ：創業團隊，新的風險基金
Switching structures -- brainstorm new ideas
Creative departments -- organic and mechanistic
Venture teams -- new-venture fund
Corporate entrepreneurship -- idea or management champion

9. New Product Success Rates

10. New products and Services
Market success rate for R&D projects: 14%
→ Customer’s need !
Environment
Technical
Developments
Customer
Needs
Organization
General
Manager
R&D
Department
Marketing
Production
Coord
Horizontal Coordination Model

11. Strategy and Structure Change
Dual Core Approach
Administrative changes
-Design and structure of a organization
-control and information systems,
authority hierarchy and
departmental grouping.
Type of Innovation Desired
Administrative
Structure
Technology
Administrative
Core
Technical
Core
Administrative changes行政的改革
authority hierarchy and departmental grouping權利的分層和部門的分組
Direction of Change: Top-Down Bottom-Up
Examples of Change: Strategy Production
Downsizing techniques
Structure Workflow
Best Organizational
Design for Change: Mechanistic Organic

12. Culture Change Forces for culture change
Reengineering/Horizontal organization
Diversity
The learning organization (organization development; OD)
OD culture changes interventions（干預）
Large group intervention
Team building
Interdepartmental(跨部門) activities

13. Strategies for implementing changes
Most important crucial and difficult.
Leadership for change
initial contact ：初次接觸
decision to implement：決定如何實現
Institutionalization：制度化

14. Strategies for implementing changes
Barriers to change
Excessive focus on costs
Failure to perceive benefits
Lack of coordination and cooperation
Uncertainty avoidance
Fear if loss of power or status
Techniques for implementation
Establish a sense of urgency for change
Establish a coalition to guide the change
Create a vision and Strategy for change
Develop plans to overcome resistance to change
Create change teams
Foster idea champions
Foster idea champions：培養點子冠軍

15. Q&A
創新和變革（改變）在企業中時常發生，如何界定兩者的不同？
通常變革（改變）會帶來員工的抗拒，如何解決？