1. WRAP Overview and Role of Dust Forum
Lee Alter
Western Governors’ Association
WRAP Dust Emissions Joint Forum Meeting
Las Vegas, NV
October 29, 2003

2. WRAP Overview
Established in 1997 as successor to Grand Canyon Visibility Transport Commission
Develop technical and policy tools needed by western states and tribes to comply with the U.S. EPA's regional haze regulations
Address other common air quality issues raised by WRAP members
Consensus-based process
Receives ~ $4 million / year from EPA

3. WRAP Overview Members Other participants
Governors of 13 states and 13 tribes
Secretary of the Interior
Secretary of Agriculture
Administrator of the U.S. EPA
Other participants
Environmental advocacy groups
Industry and small business representatives
Local governments
Academics

4. WRAP Overview Primary staffing
Western Governors’ Association
National Tribal Environmental Council
Five states submitting haze SIPs this year
AZ, NM, OR, UT, and WY
First haze SIPs in nation
Regional SO2 cap-and-trade program
Other programs related to smoke management, renewable energy, and energy efficiency
All states have to submit haze SIPs ~ 2007

7. Strategic Plan - Overview
Basis for yearly workplans/budgets
Inform new WRAP members
Shift from §309 to §308
100+ additional Class I areas
Summary of process

8. Strategic Plan - §308 Requirements
Establish reasonable progress goals for each area for the year 2018
For the worst 20% days … a goal based on the uniform rate of progress needed to achieve natural conditions by 2064
For the best 20% days … a goal of no degradation
Goals must consider cost, time, energy/non-air impacts, remaining useful life of affected sources

9. Glacier National Park Worst Days (1998-2002)

10. Strategic Plan - §308 Requirements
Apportionment
Identify areas each jurisdiction may affect
Identify jurisdiction’s share of emission reduction obligations
Control measures
Must achieve the jurisdiction’s obligation
Must include BART or superior alternative

11. Strategic Plan - Two-Phased Approach

12. Strategic Plan - Apportionment
Phase I Phase II
Apportion Emission Reductions
By state / tribe
By source category and sub-state areas if appropriate
Reconcile and
Synthesize
Results
Develop
Control
Strategies

13. Strategic Plan - Simple Timeline

15. Role of Dust Emissions Joint Forum
For discussion purposes …
Enhance technical resources and policy options for the WRAP on matters of “dust”
1. Emissions
Support development of a region-wide dust inventory for regional scale modeling (provide a “mass balance” for the model)
Compile local inventories for hot spots???

16. Role of Dust Emissions Joint Forum
2. Source apportionment
Provide expert judgement / interpretation of air quality and receptor modeling results
Undertake additional analyses if appropriate
3. Control strategies
Characterize the controllable fraction of dust at Class I areas
Identify the most appropriate types of controls and their effectiveness

17. Haze Monitoring Network (2001)
Note: Some sites not shown.

18. Preliminary Cluster Analysis Results at IMPROVE Monitoring Sites

19. Difference of Aerosol Chemical Speciation Between SAGU and SAWE for Q1 – Q4

20. Map of SAGU and SAWE

21. Difference of Aerosol Chemical Speciation Between YOSE and HOOV for Q1 – Q4

22. Map of YOSE and HOOV

23. Dust Is Global Too

24. Asian Fine Dust (ng/m3) (VanCurren and Cahill, JGR, 2002)
How do regional sources compare with local and global sources?

27. Some Guiding Questions???
What do we mean by “dust”?
What do we mean by man-made and/or “controllable” dust? Is it important to categorize emissions as such, as done w/ fire?
Where is dust and/or controllable dust most significant? How significant?
What are the predominat sources in these areas, what can be done to reduce their impact, and what would be the costs and reductions?

28. Prior WRAP Dust Activities
Expert panel findings and recommendations (2000)
Not all particles are tansported long distances
Fugitive dust emissions not a continuous process
The fine fraction of fugitive dust emissions is not adequately characterized
8 others
Expert panel follow-up (2002)
Review and summarize new methods
Progress implementing recommendations

29. Prior WRAP Dust Activities
“Dust Forum” meeting (2002)
Drafted a forum mission and dust definition
Mission - Assess causes/sources of dust, evaluate emission inventory methods, and estimate contribution of dust to visibility impairment at Class I areas.
Definition - Dust includes mechanically and Aeolian suspended bulk solid materials, including organic and inorganic matter.
Identified potential projects
Windblown dust emissions model
Speciation of archived filters
Evaluate natural background concentrations

30. Jarbidge Wilderness Area Worst Days (95, 96, 98, 99, 01)