4. Workshop on Sharing of Experience in Development of Hydro Power Projects 30th - 31st October 2006, India
W.R. Asanka Perera
Deputy General Manager
Mahaweli Hydro Power Complex
Ceylon Electricity Board
Sri Lanka

5. Sri Lanka
Located in the Indian Ocean to the south of Indian sub-continent
Latitude 5-10 N Longitude E
65, 525 km2
Tropical climate :

6. Economic and electricity related indicators for Sri Lanka
2004
2005
Mid year population (millions)
19.5
19.7
GDP per capita (USD/person)
1,030
1,197
GDP real growth rate (%)
5.4
6.0
Access to electricity (%)
73.4
74.9
Installed Capacity (MW)
2100
2300
Maximum Demand (MW)
1563
1746
Electrical Energy Generation (GWh)
8043
8770
System Energy Losses (%)
17.1
17.2
Per Capita Elec. Consumption (kWh/person)
348
369

7. Importance of hydro to Sri Lanka
Only Source of indigenous energy in appropriate size
Lowest cost generation

8. Road map for presentation
Hydro potential and development up to now
Changing role of hydro power in Sri Lankan power system
Future development directions
Problems experienced
Government policy on hydro development

9. Hydro potential and development up to now

10. Potential and development
Available MW
Developed MW
Historical Development
First project proposal by local engineer D.J. Wimalsurendra
Construction of Laxapana started
Laxapana stage I (3 x 8.33 MW) commissioned

11. First hydro power plant in Sri Lanka
Laxapana project started in 1940’s
Completed in 1950

12. Sri Lankan river basin system and hydro power stations
Four major river basins
Kelani
Mahaweli
Kalu
Walawe

13. Historical development
Kelani river basin
Exploited mainly 1950 to 1970
Laxapana complex 335 MW
Mahaweli river basin
Development 1979 to 1990
Mahaweli complex 660 MW
Other hydro potential
Walawe, Kalu river basins 1990 to 2003
Some other small rivers
Other hydro complex 211 MW
Mini/Micro hydro systems

14. Kelani river basin power stations (335 MW)

15. Mahaweli river basin power stations (660 MW)

16. Mahaweli river basin power stations Kotmale (3 X 67 MW)

17. Mahaweli river basin power stations Victoria (3 X 70 MW)

18. Mahaweli river basin power stations Randenigala (2 X 61 MW)

19. Mahaweli river basin power stations Ukuwela (2 X 20 MW)

20. Time sequence of the development of hydro power
Capacity / (MW)
Year commissioned
Old Laxapana Stage I (3 x 8.33) 25
1950
Inginiyagala (2 x 2.475, 2 x 3.15)
11.25
1954
Old Laxapana Stage II (2 x 12.5)
1958
Wimalasurendra (2 x 25) 50
1965
Udawalawe (3 x 2) 6
1969
Smanala (2 x 37.5) 75
New Laxapana (2 x 50)
100
1974
Ukuwela (2 x 20 ) 40
1976
Bowatenna (1 x 40)
1981
Canyon unit 1 (1 x 30) 30
1983

21. Time sequence of the development of hydro power ..
Capacity / (MW)
Year commissioned
Victoira (3 x 70)
210
1984
Kotmale unit 1 (1 x 67) 67
1985
Randenigala (2 x 61)
122
1986
Kotmale Unit 2&3 (2 x 67)
134
1988
Nillambe (2 x 1.6)
3.2
Canyon Unit 2 (1 X 30) 30
1989
Rantambe (2 x2 4.5) 49
1990
Samanalawewa (2 x 60)
120
1992
Kukula Ganga (2 x 35) 70
2003

22. Changing role of hydro power in Sri Lankan power system

23. Hydro component of system energy demand : Present , future
energy demand (8769 GWh ) << capacity (4400 GWh)
average wet year approx 1/2 energy demand
very wet year (5661) cannot meet the energy demand ii

24. The changing role for Hydro Generation
Past
Supply total
peak demand
energy demand
Present
Peak demand supplier
Future
Economic regulator
Frequency controller

25. Hydro and thermal installed capacity 1969 - 2005

26. Sri Lankan power system
Total Capacity MW
Hydro MW
Thermal MW
Wind MW
IPP Thermal MW
IPP small Hydro MW

27. Future development directions

28. Future Developments Hydro potential available 2000 MW
More than 50 % already developed
Remaining potential
Gin Ganga 49 MW
Broadlands 35 MW
Uma Oya MW
Moragolla 27 MW

29. Another option Expansion of existing hydro power plants
Especially for peaking duty
Some candidates
Victoria (stage II) 3 x 70 MW
Smanalawewa stage II 2 x 60 MW
New laxapana MW
Polpitiya MW

30. Mini/Micro hydro development
Master plan study (1988)
80 MW (200 sites)
8 MW from irrigation tanks
Intermediate Technology Development group study (1999)
Estimated another exploitable small hydro potential of 100 MW
250 sites

31. Mini/Micro hydro development …
First mini hydro plant in 1996
90 MW (48 sites) connected by April 2006
280 GWh supplied by mini hydro plants in 2005 (= to 3% of total electricity generated)

32. Mini/Micro hydro development …

33. Problems experienced

34. Problems experienced Upper Kotmale project
Delayed more than 10 years
20% energy reduction to exclude the tapping of some water falls
Upper Kotmale and Kukula project
Energy reduction due to not using the potential for reservoir type

35. Government policy on hydro development

36. Government policy on hydro development
Development of hydro power generation to its full potential
All large scale hydro power generation
under Government control
Mini hydro plants
under private sector development
Energy generated is purchased through power purchase agreement with Ceylon Electricity Board

37. Thank you … http://www.ceb.lk